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In 1830, a firman of Sultan Mahmud II declared "white slaves" of the Empire to be manumitted. Technically, the decree applied to people who had been Christian at the time of their capture and enslavement, and in practice, it was enforced for the Greeks who had been enslaved during the recent Greek War of Independence (1821–1829). [3]
In the city of Smyrna (modern İzmir, Turkey), which until 1922 was a mostly Greek city, Ottoman soldiers drawn from the interior of Anatolia on their way to fight in either Greece or Moldavia/Wallachia, staged a pogrom in June 1821 against the Greeks, leading Gordon to write: "3,000 ruffians assailed the Greek quarter, plundered the houses and ...
Mary Shelley wrote of the massacres in a letter to Maria Gisborne: "Our friends in Greece are getting on famously. All the Morea is subdued, and much treasure was acquired with the capture of Tripoliza. Some cruelties have ensued. But the oppressor must in the end buy tyranny with blood – such is the law of necessity". [39]
The Chios massacre (Greek: Η σφαγή της Χίου, pronounced [i sfaˈʝi tis ˈçi.u]) was a catastrophe that resulted in the death, enslavement, and flight of about four-fifths of the total population of Greeks on the island of Chios by Ottoman troops during the Greek War of Independence in 1822.
Ibrahim Pasha now demanded the city surrender, with the people being given the choice of being sold into slavery or converting to Islam, a demand the Greeks rejected. [21] On 6 April 1826, Reshid Pasha led some 2,000 Albanian and Turkish troops onto the island of Klisova, but the Ottoman troops got stuck in the mud as they landed, making them ...
Occurred in Constantinople, but contemporary pogrom activities spread in parts of present-day Greece (Kos, Rhodes) [3] unknown Ottoman government Navarino massacre: 19 August 1821 Pylos: 3,000 Greek irregular forces Massacre of Samothrace: 1 September 1821 Samothrace: 1,000 [4] Ottoman army Complete destruction, devastation of the island ...
The Greek civil wars of 1823–1825 occurred alongside the Greek War of Independence.The conflict had both political and regional dimensions, as it pitted the Roumeliotes, who lived in mainland Greece, and shipowners from the Islands, primarily Hydra island, against the Peloponnesians or Moreotes.
In addition, on the evening of April 2, the first news of the Greek Revolt in southern Greece reached Constantinople. [ 7 ] Leading personalities of the Greek community, in particular the Ecumenical Patriarch , Gregory V , and the Grand Dragoman , Konstantinos Mourouzis, were accused of having knowledge of the revolt by the Sultan, Mahmud II ...