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Facet syndrome is a syndrome in which the facet joints (synovial diarthroses) cause painful symptoms. [1] In conjunction with degenerative disc disease , a distinct but functionally related condition, facet arthropathy is believed to be one of the most common causes of lower back pain.
The degenerative process in osteoarthritis chiefly affects the vertebral bodies, the neural foramina and the facet joints (facet syndrome). If severe, it may cause pressure on the spinal cord or nerve roots with subsequent sensory or motor disturbances, such as pain , paresthesia , imbalance , and muscle weakness in the limbs.
The disc spaces, facet and sacroiliac joints remain unaffected. Diagnosis requires confluent ossification of at least four contiguous vertebral bodies. [ 2 ] Classically, advanced disease may have "melted candle wax" appearance along the spine on radiographic studies. [ 13 ]
Such severe spinal stenosis symptoms are virtually absent in lumbar stenosis, however, as the spinal cord terminates at the top end of the adult lumbar spine, with only nerve roots (cauda equina) continuing further down. [15] Cervical spinal stenosis is a condition involving narrowing of the spinal canal at the level of the neck.
According to the data available, children who have had a condition for longer than five years are more likely to be impaired. After five years of the illness, the chance of remission was only 17 percent. After ten years of the condition, moderate to severe restriction affects around 60% of children with juvenile spondyloarthritis. [5]
For NC patients that develop worse symptoms over time, severe consequences can occur. Over time, untreated NC and LSS can lead to chronic pain and muscle weakness. [13] In severe cases, caudea equina syndrome can develop, disrupting sensory and motor function in the lower body and bladder. [15]
This loss of height causes laxity of the longitudinal ligaments, which may allow anterior, posterior, or lateral shifting of the vertebral bodies, causing facet joint malalignment and arthritis; scoliosis; cervical hyperlordosis; thoracic hyperkyphosis; lumbar hyperlordosis; narrowing of the space available for the spinal tract within the ...
The syndrome occurs in 12% of older community-dwelling men [3] and up to 21% of those in retirement communities. [ 4 ] Because the leg symptoms in lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) are similar to those found with vascular claudication , the term pseudoclaudication is often used for symptoms of LSS. [ 5 ]
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