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Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an emergency procedure consisting of chest compressions often combined with artificial ventilation, or mouth to mouth in an effort to manually preserve intact brain function until further measures are taken to restore spontaneous blood circulation and breathing in a person who is in cardiac arrest.
The first three links in the chain can be performed by lay bystanders, while the second three links are designated to medical professionals. [4] Currently, between 70 and 90% of cardiac arrest patients die before they reach the hospital. [4] However, a cardiac arrest does not have to be lethal if bystanders can take the right steps immediately. [4]
For the film, Gordon and Adams devised the easy-to-remember mnemonic of A, B & C, which represented the sequence of steps in CPR: Airway, Breathing, and Circulation. [citation needed] These films were used in CPR classes and viewed by millions of students, many of whom were laypeople. By 1964, Safar had expanded the "A-B-C" mnemonic to include ...
These two steps should provide the initial assessment of whether the patient will require CPR or not. In the event that the patient is not breathing normally, the current international guidelines (set by the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation or ILCOR) indicate that chest compressions should be started.
[11] The chain of survival includes early recognition of an ongoing emergency, early initiation of CPR by a bystander, early use of a defibrillator, and early advanced life support once more qualified medical help arrives. Qualified bystanders with training in BLS are encouraged to perform the first three steps of the five-link chain of survival.
Mouth-to-mouth resuscitation is a part of most protocols for performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) [6] [7] making it an essential skill for first aid. In some situations, mouth-to-mouth resuscitation is also performed separately, for instance in near-drowning and opiate overdoses.
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