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In metaphilosophy and ethics, metaethics is the study of the nature, scope, ground, and meaning of moral judgment, ethical belief, or values.It is one of the three branches of ethics generally studied by philosophers, the others being normative ethics (questions of how one ought to be and act) and applied ethics (practical questions of right behavior in given, usually contentious, situations).
Sharon Street (born 1973) is a professor of Philosophy and Chair of the Department of Philosophy at New York University. [1] She specializes in metaethics, focusing in particular on how to reconcile our understanding of normativity with a scientific conception of the world. [1]
Also called moral philosophy, it investigates normative questions about what people ought to do or which behavior is morally right. Its main branches include normative ethics, applied ethics, and metaethics. Normative ethics aims to find general principles that govern how people should act.
Some philosophers consider metaphilosophy to be a subject apart from philosophy, above or beyond it, [4] while others object to that idea. [5] Timothy Williamson argues that the philosophy of philosophy is "automatically part of philosophy", as is the philosophy of anything else. [6]
Constitutivism is the position in meta-ethics which links what we ought to do morally with the rules about our make up as agents who perform actions of any kind. [1] It claims to answer doubts about the validity of moral judgements, and about moral objectivity, by explaining that we cannot help but act, therefore we act in accordance with moral rules which are essential to any acting being.
Mackie is best known for his contributions to metaethics, philosophy of religion, and metaphysics. In his work The Cement of the Universe: A Study of Causation, Mackie makes an analysis of causality by prior philosophers and sets forth his theory of causality based on counterfactual conditionals.
Tappolet's research interests revolve around the field of ethics, with a particular focus on metaethics, moral psychology, and emotion theory. Her main research interest is the philosophy of emotion, including the role emotions play in values, beliefs, and actions. [3]
Some philosophers follow Aristotle in describing metaphysics as "first philosophy", suggesting that it is the most basic inquiry upon which all other branches of philosophy depend in some way. [7] [b] Immanuel Kant conceived metaphysics from the perspective of critical philosophy as the study of the principles underlying all human thought and ...