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A map of the Roman Empire, at its greatest extent, showing the territory of Trajan's Nabataean conquests in red Main article: Arabia Petraea In 106 AD, during the reign of Roman emperor Trajan , the last king of the Nabataean kingdom Rabbel II Soter died, [ 47 ] which may have prompted the official annexation of Nabatea to the Roman Empire. [ 47 ]
The Nabataeans were an Arab tribe who had come under significant Babylonian-Aramaean influence. [9] The first mention of the Nabataeans dates from 312/311 BC, when they were attacked at Sela or perhaps at Petra without success by Antigonus I's officer Athenaeus in the course of the Third War of the Diadochi; at that time Hieronymus of Cardia, a Seleucid officer, mentions the Nabataeans in a ...
Hellenistic/Roman: Nabataeans migrate to the Negev Highlands. Byzantine/Early Islamic: Christian settlement wave and Arab expansion. One of the three additional clusters of Christian settlements were the Nabatean desert towns. [166] Most of these evolved into large agricultural villages with many smaller farms and villages around them. [167]
The Nabataeans used the road as a trade route for luxury goods such as frankincense and spices from southern Arabia. It was possibly the cause of their war with Hasmonean Alexander Jannaeus and with Iturea in the beginning of the 1st century BC. [2] During the Roman period the road was called Via Regia.
Map showing kingdom of Edom (in red) at its largest extent, c. 600 BC. Areas in dark red show the approximate boundary of classical-age Idumaea. The Edomites' original country, according to the Hebrew Bible, stretched from the Sinai Peninsula as far as Kadesh Barnea. It reached as far south as Eilat, the seaport of Edom. [34]
The Madaba Nabataean inscriptions are a pair of identical ancient texts carved in the Nabataean alphabet, discovered in the town of Madaba, Jordan. Dating to 37/38 CE during the reign of King Aretas IV , these inscriptions provide insight into the Nabataean civilization, particularly its language, administration, and funerary practices.
The Rulers of Nabataea, reigned over the Nabataean Kingdom (also rendered as Nabataea, Nabatea, or Nabathea), inhabited by the Nabateans, located in present-day Jordan, south-eastern Syria, southern modern-day Israel and north-western Saudi Arabia.
The Nabataeans paid great attention to their tombs, this was reflected in their architecture, in which a lot of architectural and artistic methods of respecting the dead were developed, which suggests the Nabataeans' interest in the afterlife. Of the most famous Nabatean monuments are the carved royal tombs.