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Open ocean convection is a process in which the mesoscale ocean ... the constant of proportionality γ and β are found to be equal to 3.9 ± 0.9 and 12 ± 3 ...
This was sufficient to allow computing of spreading rates over the last 700,000 years on many mid-ocean ridges by locating the closest reversed crust boundary to the crest of a mid-ocean ridge. [11] Marine magnetic anomalies were found later to span the vast flanks of the ridges. [ 9 ]
Convection is often categorised or described by the main effect causing the convective flow; for example, thermal convection. Convection cannot take place in most solids because neither bulk current flows nor significant diffusion of matter can take place. Granular convection is a similar phenomenon in granular material instead of fluids.
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In fluid dynamics, convective mixing is the vertical transport of a fluid and its properties. In many important ocean and atmospheric phenomena, convection is driven by density differences in the fluid, e.g. the sinking of cold, dense water in polar regions of the world's oceans; and the rising of warm, less-dense air during the formation of cumulonimbus clouds and hurricanes.
Enhanced surface (upper level) westerly winds occur near the west (east) side of the active convection. [5] Ocean currents, up to 100 metres (330 ft) in depth from the ocean surface, follow in phase with the east-wind component of the surface winds. In advance, or to the east, of the MJO enhanced activity, winds aloft are westerly.
Scientists believe they’ve discovered an ancient ocean floor comprising a new layer between Earth’s mantle and core.
A team of scientists investigating a subtle “bump on top of the ocean” off South America discovered a hidden mountain that stands 1.5 miles high, researchers say.