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The spun thread was very uniform and fine. Some iron age fabrics also had patterns of stripes woven in. The finer fabric has been attributed to the development of breeds of sheep with finer wool and less kemp. [50] Other Iron Age fabrics from northwestern Europe have been found on bodies preserved by the anaerobic and acidic conditions of peat ...
1928 – International Bureau of Standardization of Man Made Fibers founded. [24] 1939 – US passes Wool Products Labeling Act, requiring truthful labeling of wool products according to origin. [25] 1940 – Spectrophotometer invented, with impact on commercial textile dye processes. 1942 – First patent for fabric singeing awarded in US. [26]
Before the invention of spinning yarn or weaving fabric, archaeologists believe Stone Age people across Europe and Asia sewed fur and leather clothing using bone, antler or ivory sewing-needles and "thread" made of various animal body parts including sinew, catgut, and veins. [1] [2] For thousands of years, all sewing was done by hand.
Textile manufacturing is one of the oldest human activities. The oldest known textiles date back to about 5000 B.C. In order to make textiles, the first requirement is a source of fibre from which a yarn can be made, primarily by spinning. The yarn is processed by knitting or weaving to create cloth. The machine used for weaving is the loom.
This type of dress by the Ancient Sumerians inspired many other civilizations such as Ancient Greece, Egypt, Assyria, and Rome. For the upper class, these woven fabrics were dyed brilliant colors and decorated to show the status of an individual. Linen was a woven fabric that typically was only made for those with higher class. [41]
The first embroidery machine was the hand embroidery machine, invented in France in 1832 by Josué Heilmann. [35] The next evolutionary step was the schiffli embroidery machine . The latter borrowed from the sewing machine and the Jacquard loom to fully automate its operation.
Europe learned to knit by hand around 1400. Three to four stockings could be knit in a week by 1450. William Lee invented a stocking frame in 1589 that could knit one stocking per day. Acceptance of Lee's invention and subsequent modifications resulted in a wide range of fabrics in Europe. [119]
Calico and chintz, types of cotton fabrics, became popular in Europe, and by 1664 the East India Company was importing a quarter of a million pieces into Britain. [33] By the 18th century, the middle class had become more concerned with cleanliness and fashion, and there was a demand for easily washable and colourful fabric.