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A hearth with cooking utensils. 2.5-1.8 million years ago: The discovery of the use of fire may have created a sense of sharing as a group. Earliest estimate for invention of cooking, by phylogenetic analysis. [3] 250,000 years ago: Hearths appear, accepted archeological estimate for invention of cooking chicken. [4]
Ancient Egyptian cuisine: the royal bakery. Tomb of Ramesses III, Valley of the Kings. This list of historical cuisines lists cuisines from recent and ancient history by continent. Current cuisine is the subject of other articles.
Cities depended on trade with agricultural farmers and neighboring cities for food supply due to the lack of land cultivation area. [9] [10] Food supply was altered by numerous events such as climate, location, and distribution. [11] Weather drastically affected the amount of produce harvested during a growing season.
Food history is an interdisciplinary field that examines the history and the cultural, economic, environmental, and sociological impacts of food and human nutrition. It is considered distinct from the more traditional field of culinary history , which focuses on the origin and recreation of specific recipes.
[5] Pliny the Elder writes extensively about agriculture from books XII to XIX; in fact, XVIII is The Natural History of Grain. [6] Crops grown on Roman farms included wheat , barley , millet , pea , broad bean , lentil , flax , sesame , chickpea , hemp , turnip , olives , pear , apples , figs , and plums .
He also embarked on a four-and-a-half-month, 2,000-mile hike through modern-day Turkey, recreating Alexander’s progress from the ancient city of Troy to the location of the Battle of Issus in ...
Ancient Greek cuisine was characterized by its frugality for most, reflecting agricultural hardship, but a great diversity of ingredients was known, and wealthy Greeks were known to celebrate with elaborate meals and feasts.
The ancient Roman diet included many items that are staples of modern Italian cooking. Pliny the Elder discussed more than 30 varieties of olive , 40 kinds of pear , figs (native and imported from Africa and the eastern provinces), and a wide variety of vegetables .