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In mathematics, the persistence of a number is the number of times one must apply a given operation to an integer before reaching a fixed point at which the operation no longer alters the number. Usually, this involves additive or multiplicative persistence of a non-negative integer, which is how often one has to replace the number by the sum ...
Based on this sample, the estimated population mean is 10, and the unbiased estimate of population variance is 30. Both the naïve algorithm and two-pass algorithm compute these values correctly. Next consider the sample (10 8 + 4, 10 8 + 7, 10 8 + 13, 10 8 + 16), which gives rise to the same estimated variance as the first sample. The two-pass ...
The harmonic mean of a set of positive integers is the number of numbers times the reciprocal of the sum of their reciprocals. The optic equation requires the sum of the reciprocals of two positive integers a and b to equal the reciprocal of a third positive integer c. All solutions are given by a = mn + m 2, b = mn + n 2, c = mn.
In mathematics, summation is the addition of a sequence of numbers, called addends or summands; the result is their sum or total.Beside numbers, other types of values can be summed as well: functions, vectors, matrices, polynomials and, in general, elements of any type of mathematical objects on which an operation denoted "+" is defined.
Horner's method evaluates a polynomial using repeated bracketing: + + + + + = + (+ (+ (+ + (+)))). This method reduces the number of multiplications and additions to just Horner's method is so common that a computer instruction "multiply–accumulate operation" has been added to many computer processors, which allow doing the addition and multiplication operations in one combined step.
By the same token, an attempted computation of sin(π) will not yield zero. The result will be (approximately) 0.1225 × 10 −15 in double precision, or −0.8742 × 10 −7 in single precision. [nb 10] While floating-point addition and multiplication are both commutative (a + b = b + a and a × b = b × a), they are not necessarily associative.
Pairwise summation is the default summation algorithm in NumPy [9] and the Julia technical-computing language, [10] where in both cases it was found to have comparable speed to naive summation (thanks to the use of a large base case).
The sum of exponentials is a useful model in pharmacokinetics (chemical kinetics in general) for describing the concentration of a substance over time. The exponential terms correspond to first-order reactions, which in pharmacology corresponds to the number of modelled diffusion compartments. [2] [3]