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A dramatic example of the effect of food processing on a population's health is the history of epidemics of beri-beri in people subsisting on polished rice. Removing the outer layer of rice by polishing it removes with it the essential vitamin thiamine, causing beri-beri.
In the United States, the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 provides this description: "The Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 (DSHEA) defines the term "dietary supplement" to mean a product (other than tobacco) intended to supplement the diet that bears or contains one or more of the following dietary ingredients: a vitamin, a mineral, an herb or other ...
E304 fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid such as ascorbyl palmitate (approved for use as a food additive in the UK, [49] US, [50] Canada, [51] Australia and New Zealand [52]) The stereoisomers of Vitamin C have a similar effect in food despite their lack of efficacy in human scurvy. They include erythorbic acid and its sodium salt (E315, E316). [49]
The absorption of calcium from most food and commonly used dietary supplements is very similar. [27] This is contrary to what many calcium supplement manufacturers claim in their promotional materials. The studies of absorption of two most common salts, calcium carbonate and calcium citrate, show varied results.
The effects of chronic exposure to even low levels of microcystins are a concern due to the risk of toxicity to several organ systems. [ 1 ] [ 47 ] These toxic compounds are not produced by spirulina itself, [ 48 ] but can occur if spirulina batches are contaminated with other, toxin-producing, blue-green algae.
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Nootropics (/ n oʊ. ə ˈ t r oʊ p ɪ k s / noh-ə-TROHP-iks or / n oʊ. ə ˈ t r ɒ p ɪ k s / noh-ə-TROP-iks), [1] colloquially brain supplements, smart drugs and cognitive enhancers, are natural, semisynthetic or synthetic compounds which purportedly improve cognitive functions, such as executive functions, attention or memory.
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