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The human ovary contains a population of primordial follicles. At 18–22 weeks post-conception, the female ovary contains its peak number of follicles (about 300,000 in the average case, but individual peak populations range from 35,000 to 2.5 million [3]). The size of the initial ovarian reserve is strongly influenced by genetics. [4]
At birth, women have all their follicles for folliculogenesis, and they steadily decline until menopause." [17] In terms of ovarian reserve, a typical woman has 12% of her reserve at age 30 and has only 3% at age 40. [18] 81% of variation in ovarian reserve is due to age alone, [18] making age the most important factor in female infertility.
The primary role of the follicle is oocyte support. From the whole pool of follicles a woman is born with, only 0.1% of them will rise ovulation, whereas 99.9% will break down (in a process called follicular atresia).
The patients ranged in age between 24 and 39 years with an average age of 32.7. All women had amenorrhea for at least 6 months (average 16.75 months) and FSH levels greater or equal than 40 mIU/mL (average FSH 68 mIU/ML).
Low follicle count (1-3): low ovarian reserve and increased risk of menopause in the next 7 years. Normal follicle count (4-24): Normal follicle amount for women in reproductive age. High follicle count (>=): High risk of hyperandrogenism. It has been suggested that counting the antral follicles measuring 2–5 or 4–6 mm in diameter is ...
Pregnancy rates in ovulation induction when using antiestrogens, as functions of the size of the leading follicle as measured by transvaginal ultrasonography at days 11 - 13 (bottom scale), as well as the thickness of the endometrial lining (4 different curves).
An example is given in the nomogram, wherein an age of 32 years and an AFC of 12 gives a point on the middle line that, when continued to an FSH of 5 IU/L, results in a starting FSH dosage of almost 200 IU/L. Nomogram for the starting dosage of FSH as estimated from age, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and endogenous serum FSH taken day 3 of the ...
Ovulation occurs about midway through the menstrual cycle, after the follicular phase, and is followed by the luteal phase.Note that ovulation is characterized by a sharp spike in levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), resulting from the peak of estrogen levels during the follicular phase.