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The system can be traced back to the measuring systems of the Hindus [18]: B-9 and the ancient Egyptians, who subdivided the hekat (about 4.8 litres) into parts of 1 ⁄ 2, 1 ⁄ 4, 1 ⁄ 8, 1 ⁄ 16, 1 ⁄ 32, and 1 ⁄ 64 (1 ro, or mouthful, or about 14.5 ml), [19] and the hin similarly down to 1 ⁄ 32 (1 ro) using hieratic notation, [20] as ...
In the western black tea industry, tea leaf grading is the process of evaluating products based on the quality and condition of the tea leaves themselves. The highest grades are referred to as "orange pekoe", and the lowest as "fannings" or "dust". This grading system is based upon the size of processed and dried black tea leaves.
Before cooking, the iron atom is in a +2 oxidation state and bound to a dioxygen molecule (O 2), giving raw meat its red color. As meat cooks, the iron atom loses an electron, moving to a +3 oxidation state and coordinating with a water molecule (H 2 O), which causes the meat to turn brown.
Yield grades are intended to estimate the pounds of boneless closely trimmed retail cuts from the carcass. Closely trimmed refers to approximately ¼ inch of external fat. Yield grade is determined by considering four carcass characteristics: external fat; kidney, pelvic and heart fat (KPH); ribeye area (REA); and hot carcass weight (HCW).
The acceptability of food products to the consumer is often determined by food texture, such as how spreadable and creamy a food product is. Food rheology is important in quality control during food manufacture and processing. [2] Food rheology terms have been noted since ancient times.
Have no fear meat-eaters, we've gathered the best and worst meats you can find so you'll be better prepared for dinner. Check out the slideshow above for the 10 best and worst meats to eat. More food:
Meat can be cured by smoking, which preserves and flavors food by exposing it to smoke from burning or smoldering wood. [73] Other methods of curing include pickling, salting, and air-drying. [74] Some recipes call for raw meat; steak tartare is made from minced raw beef. [75] Pâtés are made with ground meat and fat, often including liver. [76]
The principal effect of cooking meat on the bone is that it alters the flavour and texture. Albumen and collagen in the bones release gelatin when boiled which adds substance to stews, stocks, soups and sauces. [6] The bone also conducts heat within the meat so that it cooks more evenly and prevents meat from drying out and shrinking during ...