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It is used in calculating the heat transfer, typically by convection or phase transition between a fluid and a solid. The heat transfer coefficient has SI units in watts per square meter per kelvin (W/(m 2 K)). The overall heat transfer rate for combined modes is usually expressed in terms of an overall conductance or heat transfer coefficient ...
Although the concept of U-value (or U-factor) is universal, U-values can be expressed in different units. In most countries, U-value is expressed in SI units, as watts per square metre-kelvin: W/(m 2 ⋅K) In the United States, U-value is expressed as British thermal units (Btu) per hour-square feet-degrees Fahrenheit: Btu/(h⋅ft 2 ⋅°F)
In statistical theory, a U-statistic is a class of statistics defined as the average over the application of a given function applied to all tuples of a fixed size. The letter "U" stands for unbiased. [citation needed] In elementary statistics, U-statistics arise naturally in producing minimum-variance unbiased estimators.
The cooling load temperature difference (CLTD) calculation method, also called the cooling load factor (CLF) or solar cooling load factor (SCL) method, is a method of estimating the cooling load or heating load of a building. It was introduced in the 1979 ASHRAE handbook.
The u-chart differs from the c-chart in that it accounts for the possibility that the number or size of inspection units for which nonconformities are to be counted may vary. Larger samples may be an economic necessity or may be necessary to increase the area of opportunity in order to track very low nonconformity levels.
The U-value is used to refer to the amount of heat that can pass through a window, called thermal transmittance, with a lower score being better. [1] The U-factor of a window can often be found on the rating label of the window. Although the concept of U-value (or U-factor) is universal, U-values can be expressed in different units.
Any non-linear differentiable function, (,), of two variables, and , can be expanded as + +. If we take the variance on both sides and use the formula [11] for the variance of a linear combination of variables (+) = + + (,), then we obtain | | + | | +, where is the standard deviation of the function , is the standard deviation of , is the standard deviation of and = is the ...
The sum of two independent uniform distributions U 1 (a,b)+U 2 (c,d) yields a trapezoidal distribution, symmetric about its mean, on the support [a+c,b+d]. The plateau has width equals to the absolute different of the width of U 1 and U 2. The width of the sloped parts corresponds to the width of the narrowest uniform distribution.