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The Temple Mount (Hebrew: הַר הַבַּיִת, romanized: Har haBayīt, lit. 'Temple Mount'), also known as the Noble Sanctuary (Arabic: الحرم الشريف, 'Haram al-Sharif'), and sometimes as Jerusalem's holy esplanade, [2] [3] is a hill in the Old City of Jerusalem that has been venerated as a holy site for thousands of years, including in Judaism, Christianity and Islam.
The Temple Mount viewed from southeast Map of the Temple Mount; some gates are marked on the map. The Temple Mount, a holy site in the Old City of Jerusalem, also known as the al-Ḥaram al-Sharīf or Al-Aqsa, contains twelve gates. One of the gates, Bab as-Sarai, is currently closed to the public but was open under Ottoman rule.
The Temple Mount, along with the entire Old City of Jerusalem, was captured from Jordan by Israel in 1967 during the Six-Day War, allowing Jews once again to visit the holy site. [ 55 ] [ better source needed ] [ 56 ] Jordan had occupied East Jerusalem and the Temple Mount immediately following Israel's declaration of independence on May 14, 1948.
According to the Hebrew Bible, Solomon's Temple was built atop what is known as the Temple Mount in the 10th century BCE and destroyed by the Babylonians in 586 BCE, [24] and the Second Temple completed and dedicated in 516 BCE. Around 19 BCE Herod the Great began a massive expansion project on the Temple Mount.
Templar fortresses in the Outremer Al-Aqsa Mosque, Jerusalem: original Templar headquarters. In the Kingdom of Jerusalem, now in Israel and Southern Lebanon: Al-Aqsa Mosque on Temple Mount, Jerusalem, 1119–1187; Tour du Détroit , built around 1110 by Hugues de Payens
During the 1967 Six-Day War, Israel occupied East Jerusalem; since then, the entire city has been under Israeli control. Israel unilaterally asserted in its 1980 Jerusalem Law that the whole of Jerusalem was Israel's capital. [10] In international law, East Jerusalem is defined as territory occupied by Israel.
[21] [22] The City of David was the ancient epicenter of Jerusalem and whose boundaries stretched from the Temple Mount in the north, [22] thence southward to the Pool of Siloam, [22] including the area marking the Kidron brook in the east and the adjacent dale in the west. [22] Its area is about 50 dunams (ca. 12.3 acres). [22]
The Antonia Fortress (Aramaic: קצטרא דאנטוניה) [a] was a citadel built by Herod the Great and named for Herod's patron Mark Antony, as a fortress whose chief function was to protect the Second Temple. It was built in Jerusalem at the eastern end of the Second Wall, at the north-western corner of the Temple Mount, and was connected ...