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Pantothenic acid (vitamin B 5) is a B vitamin and an essential nutrient. [6] All animals need pantothenic acid in order to synthesize coenzyme A (CoA), which is essential for cellular energy production and for the synthesis and degradation of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. [6] [7] Pantothenic acid is the combination of pantoic acid and β ...
Most vitamin B 5 supplements are in the form of calcium pantothenate, a salt of pantothenic acid, with doses in the range of 5 to 10 mg/day. In contrast, pantethine is sold as a dietary supplement for lowering blood cholesterol and triglycerides at doses of 500 to 1200 mg/day.
Panthenol (also called pantothenol) is the alcohol analog of pantothenic acid (vitamin B 5), and is thus a provitamin of B 5. In organisms, it is quickly oxidized to pantothenic acid. It is a viscous transparent liquid at room temperature. Panthenol is used in pharmaceutical and children's products as a moisturizer and to hasten wound healing.
Pantetheine is the cysteamine amide analog of pantothenic acid (vitamin B 5). The dimer of this compound, pantethine is more commonly known, and is considered to be the most potent form of vitamin B 5. Pantetheine is an intermediate in the catabolism of coenzyme A by the body. [1] [2] [3]
Coenzyme A is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B 5), which is found in food such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. [10] In humans and most living organisms, pantothenate is an essential vitamin that has a variety of functions. [11]
The PANK2 gene also encodes a 50.5-kDaprotein that is a functional pantothenate kinase, an essential regulatory enzyme in coenzyme A (CoA) biosynthesis, and catalyzing the phosphorylation of pantothenate (vitamin B 5), N-pantothenoyl-cysteine, and pantetheine (OMIM).
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