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In 1977, with the United States declining to export their technology, Japan approached SGN to construct a test reprocessing plant in Tōkai. The plant had a yearly capacity of 200 tonnes. A decade after, France agreed to a technology transfer deal to build a significantly bigger reprocessing plant in northern Japan.
Since then France has developed and maintained its own nuclear deterrent, one intended to defend France even if the United States refused to risk its own cities by assisting Western Europe in a nuclear war. [22] The United States began providing technical assistance to the French program in the early 1970s through the 1980s.
The history of France's military nuclear program recounts the path that led France to develop a military nuclear program after World War II.The establishment of the French Nuclear Deterrence Force was based on a French nuclear testing program that began on February 13, 1960, and ended on January 27, 1996.
Total cumulative production: 75,965 tonnes. Uranium mining in France is the activity of the 210 or so uranium mines that operated in the country between 1945 and 2001. Together, these sites produced around 76,000 tonnes of uranium. [1] This production is destined for France's nuclear program, both civil and military.
The aftermath of World War II saw the rise of two global superpowers, the United States (U.S.) and the Soviet Union (USSR). The aftermath of World War II was also defined by the rising threat of nuclear warfare, the creation and implementation of the United Nations as an intergovernmental organization, and the decolonization of Asia, Oceania, South America and Africa by European and East Asian ...
[6] [89] Operation Julin is the final American weapons test, and also ends British nuclear testing in the United States. 1992 – France's nuclear stockpile peaks at over 500 warheads. [54] 1993 – January 3 – The United States and Russia mutually agree to ban multiple independently targetable reentry vehicles through the START II Treaty.
The France–United States relations has remained peaceful since, with the exceptions of the Quasi-War from 1798 to 1800 and American combat against Vichy France (while supporting Free France) from 1942 to 1944 during World War II. In 1803, the United States purchased the territory of Louisiana from France to acquire a total of 828,000 sq mi ...
The United States and Russian nuclear weapons stockpiles are projected to continue decreasing over the next decade. [20] The United Kingdom became a nuclear power in 1952, and its nuclear arsenal peaked at just under 500 nuclear weapons in 1981. France became a nuclear power in 1960, and French nuclear stockpiles peaked at just over 500 nuclear ...