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The intensity of the exchanges suggest however that the contacts between Egypt and Mesopotamia were often direct, rather than merely through middlemen or through trade. [2] Uruk had known colonial outposts of as far as Habuba Kabira, in modern Syria, insuring their presence in the Levant. [31]
Egyptian artifacts dating to this era have been found in Canaan [13] and other regions of the Near East, including Tell Brak [14] and Uruk and Susa [15] in Mesopotamia. By the second half of the 4th millennium BCE, the gemstone lapis lazuli was being traded from its only known source in the ancient world— Badakhshan , in what is now ...
Egyptian artifacts dating to this era have been found in Canaan and other regions of the Near East, including Tell Brak and Uruk and Susa in Mesopotamia. Lapis lazuli trade, in the form of beads, from its only known prehistoric source – Badakshan, in northeastern Afghanistan – reached ancient Gerzeh.
[6] [7] [8] Mesopotamia had already been an intermediary in the trade of lapis lazuli between the Indian subcontinent and Egypt since at least about 3200 BCE, in the context of Egypt-Mesopotamia relations.
Via Maris, or Way of Horus (Middle Egyptian: ḫꜣt Ḥr, lit. 'Khet Her') was an ancient trade route, dating from the early Bronze Age, linking Egypt with the northern empires of Syria, Anatolia and Mesopotamia – along the Mediterranean coast of modern-day Egypt, Israel, Turkey and Syria.
The Via Maris (purple), King's Highway (red), and other ancient Levantine trade routes, c. 1300 BCE. The King's Highway was a trade route of vital importance in the ancient Near East, connecting Africa with Mesopotamia. It ran from Egypt across the Sinai Peninsula to Aqaba, then turned northward across Transjordan, to Damascus and the Euphrates ...
Mesopotamian trade with the Indus Valley civilisation flourished as early as the third millennium BC. [61] Cylinder seals found throughout ANE is evidence of trade between Mesopotamian cities. [62] Starting in the 4th millennium BC, Mesopotamian civilizations also traded with ancient Egypt (see Egypt–Mesopotamia relations). [63] [64]
From this location, Megiddo controlled the Via Maris, the main trade route between Egypt and Mesopotamia. The Egyptian inscriptions of the campaign on the Temple of Karnak come from a daily journal kept by the scribe Tjaneni during the campaign.