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  2. Models of communication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Models_of_communication

    Many models of communication include the idea that a sender encodes a message and uses a channel to transmit it to a receiver. Noise may distort the message along the way. The receiver then decodes the message and gives some form of feedback. [1] Models of communication simplify or represent the process of communication.

  3. Source–message–channel–receiver model of communication

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source–message–channel...

    The SMCR model is usually described as a linear transmission model of communication. [4] [17] Its main focus is to identify the basic parts of communication and to show how their characteristics shape the communicative process. In this regard, Berlo understands his model as "a model of the ingredients of communication". [24]

  4. Absorption (electromagnetic radiation) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absorption_(electromagnetic...

    An overview of absorption of electromagnetic radiation.This example shows the general principle using visible light as a specific example. A white light source—emitting light of multiple wavelengths—is focused on a sample (the pairs of complementary colors are indicated by the yellow dotted lines).

  5. Electromagnetic radiation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation

    The matter-composition of the medium through which the light travels determines the nature of the absorption and emission spectrum. These bands correspond to the allowed energy levels in the atoms. Dark bands in the absorption spectrum are due to the atoms in an intervening medium between source and observer. The atoms absorb certain ...

  6. Atmospheric radiative transfer codes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_radiative...

    A faster but more approximate method is a band transmission. Here, the transmission in a region in a band is characterised by a set of pre-calculated coefficients (depending on temperature and other parameters). In addition, models may consider scattering from molecules or particles, as well as polarisation; however, not all models do so.

  7. Absorption band - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absorption_band

    In spectroscopy, an absorption band is a range of wavelengths, frequencies or energies in the electromagnetic spectrum that are characteristic of a particular transition from initial to final state in a substance. According to quantum mechanics, atoms and molecules can only hold certain defined quantities of energy, or exist in specific states. [1]

  8. Förster resonance energy transfer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Förster_resonance_energy...

    The FRET efficiency depends on many physical parameters [16] that can be grouped as: 1) the distance between the donor and the acceptor (typically in the range of 1–10 nm), 2) the spectral overlap of the donor emission spectrum and the acceptor absorption spectrum, and 3) the relative orientation of the donor emission dipole moment and the ...

  9. Lasswell's model of communication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lasswell's_model_of...

    A model of communication is a simplified presentation that aims to give a basic explanation of the process by highlighting its most fundamental characteristics and components. [16] [8] [17] For example, James Watson and Anne Hill see Lasswell's model as a mere questioning device and not as a full model of communication. [10]