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  2. Critical criminology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_criminology

    There are two main strands of critical criminological theory following from Marx, divided by differing conceptions of the role of the state in maintenance of capitalist inequalities. On the one hand instrumental Marxists hold that the state is manipulated by the ruling classes to act in their interests. On the other, structuralist Marxists ...

  3. Criminology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criminology

    Labeling theory refers to an individual who is labeled by others in a particular way. The theory was studied in great detail by Becker. [52] It was originally derived from sociology, but is regularly used in criminological studies. When someone is given the label of a criminal they may reject or accept it and continue to commit crime.

  4. Classical school (criminology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_school_(criminology)

    This theory emerged at the time of the Enlightenment and it contended that it should focus on rationality. But, because it lacks sophistication, it was the operationalised in a mechanical way, assuming that there is a mathematics of deterrence, i.e. a proportional calculation undertaken first by policy makers and then by potential offenders.

  5. Psychoanalytic criminology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychoanalytic_criminology

    The theory recognises that the more contact an individual has will a criminal – the more likely one is to engage in criminalistic activities. [18] Anomie, a theory proposed by Robert K. Merton explores the idea of social disintegration leading to crime. This theory focuses on individuals who are incapable of achieving their desired goals in ...

  6. Anarchist criminology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchist_criminology

    Anarchist criminology is a school of thought in criminology that draws on influences and insights from anarchist theory and practice. Building on insights from anarchist theorists including Pierre-Joseph Proudhon and Peter Kropotkin , anarchist criminologists' approach to the causes of crime emphasises what they argue are the harmful effects of ...

  7. Positivist school (criminology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positivist_school...

    In general terms, positivism rejected the Classical Theory's reliance on free will and sought to identify positive causes that determined the propensity for criminal behaviour. The Classical School of Criminology believed that the punishment against a crime, should in fact fit the crime and not be immoderate.

  8. Peacemaking criminology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peacemaking_criminology

    Peacemaking criminology is a non-violent movement against oppression, social injustice and violence as found within criminology, criminal justice and society in general. . With its emphasis on inter-personal, intra-personal and spiritual integration, it is well connected to the emerging perspective of positive crimino

  9. Rational choice theory (criminology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rational_choice_theory...

    Rational choice modeling has a long history in criminology.This method was designed by Cornish and Clarke to assist in thinking about situational crime prevention. [1] In this context, the belief that crime generally reflects rational decision-making by potential criminals is sometimes called the rational choice theory of crime.