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Silvan Solomon Tomkins (June 4, 1911 – June 10, 1991) [1] was a psychologist and personality theorist who developed both affect theory and script theory.Following the publication of the third volume of his book Affect Imagery Consciousness in 1991, his body of work received renewed interest, leading to attempts by others to summarize and popularize his theories.
The facial feedback hypothesis, rooted in the conjectures of Charles Darwin and William James, is that one's facial expression directly affects their emotional experience. . Specifically, physiological activation of the facial regions associated with certain emotions holds a direct effect on the elicitation of such emotional states, and the lack of or inhibition of facial activation will ...
Silvan Tomkins created script theory as a further development of his affect theory, which regards human beings' emotional responses to stimuli as falling into categories called "affects": he noticed that the purely biological response of affect may be followed by awareness and by what we cognitively do in terms of acting on that affect so that ...
Emotion theory is therefore defined in different ways depending on the field. Emotion theory was originally written by psychologist Silvan Tomkins and was introduced in the first two volumes of his book Effects on Image Consciousness (1962). Tomkins uses the concept of emotion to refer to the "biological part of emotion."
Based on Tomkins' affect and script theory (2008b,1995a), the affect consciousness model posits that affect, along with pain, homeostatic life, support processes, and the cyclical drives, constitute the primary motivating forces in all human affairs. Of these motivational forces the affects are seen as the primary, and by far the most flexible.
The Tomkins-Horn Picture Arrangement test was conducted and created by Silvan Tomkins and Daniel Horn at the Harvard Psychology Clinic in 1942 as a subset the Wechsler intelligence scales, wherein the involved party must appropriately order a sequence of sketches which tell a short story in a very similar manner to the PAT developed by Tomkins ...
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In the early 1960s, Silvan Tomkins' Affect Theory built upon Darwin's research, arguing that facial expressions are biological and universal manifestations of emotions. [ 12 ] [ 13 ] In 1971, psychologists Paul Ekman [ 14 ] and Carroll Izard [ 15 ] explored the universality of emotions, creating sets of photographs displaying emotions that were ...