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  2. Alexander Fleming - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming

    Sir Alexander Fleming FRS FRSE FRCS [2] (6 August 1881 – 11 March 1955) was a Scottish physician and microbiologist, best known for discovering the world's first broadly effective antibiotic substance, which he named penicillin.

  3. History of penicillin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_penicillin

    The history of penicillin follows observations and discoveries of evidence of antibiotic activity of the mould Penicillium that led to the development of penicillins that became the first widely used antibiotics. Following the production of a relatively pure compound in 1942, penicillin was the first naturally-derived antibiotic.

  4. Edward Jenner - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Jenner

    Edward Jenner (17 May 1749 – 26 January 1823) was an English physician and scientist who pioneered the concept of vaccines and created the smallpox vaccine, the world's first vaccine. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The terms vaccine and vaccination are derived from Variolae vaccinae ('pustules of the cow'), the term devised by Jenner to denote cowpox .

  5. Timeline of antibiotics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_antibiotics

    1942 – benzylpenicillin, the first penicillin; 1942 – gramicidin S, the first peptide antibiotic; 1942 – sulfadimidine; 1943 – sulfamerazine; 1944 – streptomycin, the first aminoglycoside [2] 1947 – sulfadiazine; 1948 – chlortetracycline, the first tetracycline; 1949 – chloramphenicol, the first amphenicol [2] 1949 – neomycin

  6. Discovery of penicillin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery_of_penicillin

    I have been frequently asked why I invented the name "Penicillin". I simply followed perfectly orthodox lines and coined a word which explained that the substance penicillin was derived from a plant of the genus Penicillium just as many years ago the word "Digitalin" was invented for a substance derived from the plant Digitalis. [13]

  7. Timeline of human vaccines - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_human_vaccines

    1981 – First vaccine for hepatitis B (first vaccine to target a cause of cancer) 1984 – First vaccine for chicken pox; 1985 – First vaccine for Haemophilus influenzae type b (HiB) 1989 – First vaccine for Q fever [12] 1990 – First vaccine for hantavirus hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome; 1991 – First vaccine for hepatitis A [13]

  8. Timeline of biotechnology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_biotechnology

    1798 – Edward Jenner uses first viral vaccine to inoculate a child from smallpox. ... 1950 – The first synthetic antibiotic is created. 1951 ...

  9. Penicillin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillin

    It thus acts as the first line of defence against any toxic substance, which is the reason for relative resistance to antibiotics compared to Gram-positive species. [48] But penicillin can still enter Gram-negative species by diffusing through aqueous channels called porins (outer membrane proteins), which are dispersed among the fatty ...