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Shock is the state of insufficient blood flow to the tissues of the body as a result of problems with the circulatory system. Initial symptoms of shock may include weakness, tachycardia, hyperventilation, sweating, anxiety, and increased thirst. [1] This may be followed by confusion, unconsciousness, or cardiac arrest, as complications worsen. [1]
The journal publishes scholarly research reports on basic and clinical studies of shock, trauma, sepsis, inflammation, ischemia, and related pathobiological states, with particular emphasis on the biologic mechanisms that determine the response to such injury. This scholarly journal has both print and online version.
Acute stress reaction (ASR), also known as psychological shock, mental shock, or simply shock, [a] and acute stress disorder (ASD), is a psychological response to a terrifying, traumatic, or surprising experience. Combat stress reaction (CSR) is a similar response to the trauma of war. The reactions may include but are not limited to intrusive ...
Neurogenic shock results from damage to the spinal cord above the level of the 6th thoracic vertebra. [5] It is found in about half of people who have a spinal cord injury within the first 24 hours, and usually persists for one to three weeks. [5] Neurogenic shock may be caused by severe brain injury. [6]
This causes a type of circulatory shock, called obstructive shock. Tension pneumothorax tends to occur in clinical situations such as ventilation, resuscitation, trauma, or in people with lung disease. [15] It is a medical emergency and may require immediate treatment without further investigations (see Treatment section). [15] [16]
Other signs may be seen depending on the underlying cause. For example, jugular venous distension is a significant finding in evaluating shock. This occurs in cardiogenic and obstructive shock. This is not observed in the other two types of shock, hypovolemic and distributive. [3] Some particular clinical findings are described below.
R Adams Cowley (July 25, 1917 – October 27, 1991) was an American surgeon considered a pioneer in emergency medicine and the treatment of shock trauma. [1] Called the "Father of Trauma Medicine", [2] he was the founder of the United States' first trauma center at the University of Maryland in 1958, after the United States Army awarded him $100,000 to study shock in people—the first award ...
Shock is a clinical diagnosis, [4] meaning it is diagnosed based off of observations of a medical provider based on patient symptoms physical examination. Shock can be either compensated or decompensated. [2] Compensated shock means that the body is successfully working harder than normal to meet the body's needs for blood flow and perfusion of ...