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The Nyingma school traditionally had no centralized authority or Nyingma-wide hierarchy. There was never a single "head of the lineage" in the manner of either the Karmapa of the Karma Kagyu school, or the Sakya Trizin of the Sakya school, or the Ganden Tripa of the Gelug school.
The Gelug school was founded by Je Tsongkhapa, an eclectic Buddhist monk and yogi who traveled Tibet studying under Kadam, Sakya, Drikung Kagyu, Jonang and Nyingma teachers. These include the Sakya scholar Rendawa (1349–1412), the Drikung Thil scholar Chenga Chokyi Gyalpo, the Kadam mystic Lama Umapa, the Jonang master Bodong Chokley Namgyal ...
These sects are termed "Red Hat" for the colour of their monks' hats as worn during formal occasions. The Red Hat sects are the Nyingma, Sakya and Kagyu schools of Tibetan Buddhism. The fourth school is Gelug and is known as the Yellow Hat sect. A minority consider the eldest school, the Nyingma school, to be the sole Red Hat sect. [citation ...
The Sakya (Tibetan: ས་སྐྱ་, Wylie: sa skya, 'pale earth') school is one of four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism, the others being the Nyingma, Kagyu, and Gelug. It is one of the Red Hat Orders along with the Nyingma and Kagyu.
Gelug 15th century Tholing Monastery: West Tibet Tibet Institute Rikon: Rikon, Switzerland Nyingma: Since 2007, the monastery comprises representatives of all four great traditions : Nyingma, Kagyu, Sakya and Gelug. Tingri Monastery Tsang Tradruk Temple: Lhokha Gelug The largest and oldest monastery in the Yarlung Valley.
The Rimé movement is a movement or tendency in Tibetan Buddhism which promotes non-sectarianism and universalism. [1] [2] Teachers from all branches of Tibetan Buddhism – Sakya, Kagyu, Nyingma, Jonang, Gelug, and Bon – have been involved in the promoting Rimé ideals.
The Sarma, "New Translation" schools of Tibetan Buddhism (Gelug, Sakya, Kagyu, Jonang) classify tantric practices and texts into four.In this, they follow Indian Tantric Buddhists such as Abhayākara, who makes this distinction in his Clusters of Quintessential Instructions.
[citation needed] Each of the four main schools of Tibetan Buddhism—Gelug, Kagyu, Nyingma and Sakya have variations as to the order of the preliminaries, the refuge trees visualized, the lineage gurus and deities invoked, and prayers.