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Some verbs that would be classified as "weak" according to the consonants of the verb root are nevertheless conjugated as a strong verb. This happens, for example: Largely, to all verbs whose only weakness is a hamzah radical; the irregularity is in the Arabic spelling but not the pronunciation, except in a few minor cases.
Since Arabic lacks a verb meaning "to have", constructions using li-, ‘inda, and ma‘a with the pronominal suffixes are used to describe possession. For example: عنده بيت (ʿindahu bayt) – literally: At him (is) a house. → He has a house. For the negation of Arabic verbs, see Negation in Arabic.
Verbs containing the radicals w or y are called weak. They can be either: Hollow: verbs with w or y as the second radical, which can become a long a in some forms, or; Defective: verbs with w or y as the third radical, treated as a vowel, Geminate (or doubled): the second and third radicals are identical, remaining together as a double ...
In Modern Standard Arabic, the main way to negate past-tense verbs is to add the negative particle لَمْ lam "not" before the verb, and to put the verb in the jussive mood. [3] In more colloquial usage, it is possible to give the verb in the present indicative mood (which is largely identical in form to the jussive). [4]
Classical and Standard Arabic verbs conjugate for at least three distinct moods in the imperfect: indicative, subjunctive and jussive. [ 2 ] The jussive is used after the preposition li- ( ليـ- , 'to') to express a command to a third person.
For example, in Arabic, Form I verbs and Form II verbs differ only in the doubling of the middle consonant of the triliteral root in the latter form, e. g., درس darasa (with full diacritics: دَرَسَ) is a Form I verb meaning to study, whereas درّس darrasa (with full diacritics: دَرَّسَ) is the corresponding Form II verb, with ...
Many (but not all) nouns in the -in, -an or -ā declensions originate as adjectives of some sort, or as verbal nouns of third-weak verbs. Examples: قَاضٍ qāḍin "judge" (a form-I active participle); مُسْتَشْفىً mustašfan "hospital" (a form-X passive participle in its alternative meaning as a "noun of place"); فُصْحَى ...
A famous example is the verb لَيْسَ laysa ' it is not ', though it is not the only auxiliary verb that exhibits this property. Some Arabic grammarians argue that دَامَ dāma (as an auxiliary verb) is also completely defective; those who dispute this claim still consider it partially defective.