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An algebraic curve in the Euclidean plane is the set of the points whose coordinates are the solutions of a bivariate polynomial equation p(x, y) = 0.This equation is often called the implicit equation of the curve, in contrast to the curves that are the graph of a function defining explicitly y as a function of x.
A space curve is a curve for which is at least three-dimensional; a skew curve is a space curve which lies in no plane. These definitions of plane, space and skew curves apply also to real algebraic curves , although the above definition of a curve does not apply (a real algebraic curve may be disconnected ).
Algebraic curves in the plane may be defined as the set of points (x, y) satisfying an equation of the form (,) =, where f is a polynomial function :. If f is expanded as = + + + + + + If the origin (0, 0) is on the curve then a 0 = 0.
Algebraic varieties of dimension one are called algebraic curves and algebraic varieties of dimension two are called algebraic surfaces. In the context of modern scheme theory, an algebraic variety over a field is an integral (irreducible and reduced) scheme over that field whose structure morphism is separated and of finite type.
Elliptic curves can be defined over any field K; the formal definition of an elliptic curve is a non-singular projective algebraic curve over K with genus 1 and endowed with a distinguished point defined over K. If the characteristic of K is neither 2 nor 3, then every elliptic curve over K can be written in the form
When is an algebraic curve with field of definition the complex numbers, and if has no singular points, then these definitions agree and coincide with the topological definition applied to the Riemann surface of (its manifold of complex points).
Algebraic curves. Rational curves. Rational curves are subdivided according to the degree of the polynomial. Degree 1. Line; Degree 2. Plane curves ...
An algebraic variety that has no singular point is said to be non-singular or smooth. The concept is generalized to smooth schemes in the modern language of scheme theory. The plane algebraic curve (a cubic curve) of equation y 2 − x 2 (x + 1) = 0 crosses itself at the origin (0, 0). The origin is a double point of this curve.
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