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The term cynic derives from Ancient Greek κυνικός (kynikos) 'dog-like' and κύων (kyôn) 'dog' (genitive: kynos). [4] One explanation offered in ancient times for why the Cynics were called "dogs" was because the first Cynic, Antisthenes, taught in the Cynosarges gymnasium at Athens. [5]
Name Period Notes 4th Century BC: Antisthenes: c. 445–365 BC Pupil of Socrates. Laid down the principles of Cynic philosophy. Diogenes of Sinope
Crates (Ancient Greek: Κράτης ὁ Θηβαῖος; c. 365 – c. 285 BC [1]) of Thebes was a Greek Cynic philosopher, [2] the principal pupil of Diogenes of Sinope [2] and the husband of Hipparchia of Maroneia who lived in the same manner as him. [3] Crates gave away his money to live a life of poverty on the streets of Athens.
Diogenes (/ d aɪ ˈ ɒ dʒ ɪ n iː z / dy-OJ-in-eez; Ancient Greek: Διογένης, romanized: Diogénēs [di.oɡénɛːs]), also known as Diogenes the Cynic (Διογένης ὁ Κυνικός, Diogénēs ho Kynikós) or Diogenes of Sinope, was a Greek philosopher and one of the founders of Cynicism.
Antisthenes was born c. 446 BCE, the son of Antisthenes, an Athenian.His mother was thought to have been a Thracian, [3] though some say a Phrygian, an opinion probably derived from his sarcastic reply to a man who reviled him as not being a genuine Athenian citizen, that the mother of the gods was a Phrygian [4] (referring to Cybele, the Anatolian counterpart of the Greek goddess Rhea). [5]
Hipparchia of Maroneia (/ h ɪ ˈ p ɑːr k i ə /; Greek: Ἱππαρχία ἡ Μαρωνεῖτις; fl. c. 325 BC) was a Cynic philosopher, and wife of Crates of Thebes.She was the sister of Metrokles, the cynic philosopher. [1]
Cynicism is an attitude characterized by a general distrust of the motives of others. [1] A cynic may have a general lack of faith or hope in people motivated by ambition, desire, greed, gratification, materialism, goals, and opinions that a cynic perceives as vain, unobtainable, or ultimately meaningless.
Anacharsis and Heraclitus predate the Cynics, but they were both regarded by the Cynics to have anticipated Cynic ideals. There are also 35 Socratic epistles supposedly written by Socrates and his followers (Antisthenes, Aristippus, Aeschines, Xenophon, etc.).