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A number of features distinguish the plethodontids from other salamanders. Most significantly, they lack lungs, conducting respiration through their skin, and the tissues lining their mouths. [3] Some species of cave salamanders are neotenic, and keep their larval gills even as adults. Gills are absent in all other adult plethodontids. [13]
When struggling prey is advanced into the salamander's mouth, the teeth tips relax and bend in the same direction, encouraging movement toward the throat, and resisting the prey's escape. [41] Many salamanders have patches of teeth attached to the vomer and the palatine bones in the roof of the mouth, and these help to retain prey. All types of ...
Plethodon is a genus of salamanders in the family Plethodontidae. They are commonly known as woodland salamanders. [2] All members of the genus are endemic to North America (Canada and the United States). [2] They have no aquatic larval stage. In some species, such as the red-backed salamander (Plethodon cinereus). [3] Young hatch in the adult ...
[15] [16] The common mudpuppy never leaves its aquatic environment and therefore does not undergo morphogenesis; however, many salamanders do and develop differentiated teeth. [17] Aquatic salamander teeth are used to hinder escape of the prey from the salamander; they do not have a crushing function. [17] This aids the salamander when feeding.
P. idahoensis specimens are slender salamanders 2–4 in (51–102 mm) long. The adult has a nasolabial groove, parotoid glands, and parasphenoid teeth. Coloration and markings key to characterizing this species include a dark ground color with a yellow-gold dorsal stripe that extends the length of the organism, as well as ventral yellow patches on the throat.
The three-lined salamander (Eurycea guttolineata) is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae.It is endemic to the south-eastern United States. [3] This species was classified as a sub-species of long tailed salamanders until DNA sequencing revealed that there was no hybridization between the two species. [4]
The seepage salamander is a very small and slender salamander, ranging from 4.4–5.7 cm (1.75–2.25 in). The adults possess vomerine teeth. [2] The tail is terete and rounded. The seepage salamander has a pale dorsal stripe, with a wide, wavy to almost straight shape, and ranging in color from yellow or tan to reddish brown. [4]
Plethodon elongatus is a medium-sized, slender salamander. Adults are 6–7.5 cm (2.4–3.0 in) from snout to vent, and 11–15 cm (4.3–5.9 in) in total length. Limbs are relatively short; toes are short and slightly webbed. Dorsal coloration is dark brown or black.