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When an opponent opens the bidding with 1 ♥ or 1 ♠, the immediate overcall of 2NT shows at least 5–5 in the minor suits (that is, at least five clubs and at least five diamonds). If the right hand opponent (RHO) of the partner of the 2NT bid passes, that partner is expected to bid the minor suit that he prefers at the three-level.
2NT is natural and invitational (showing about 18 HCP) three of a new suit (jump shift) is natural, normally agreed to be game-forcing, and shows about 19 points or more; When opener does not have a six-card original suit nor a four-card lower-ranking second suit, she will have to bid a short suit. Normally, she bids her three-card minor.
For example, on the sequence 1 ♣-1 ♠ (with or without opponent's interfering);1NT-2 ♣;2 ♦,2 ♥ will show an invitational hand with minimum five spades and four hearts, 2 ♠ an invitational hand with minimum five spades (in which case one does not have four hearts) or possibly six spades with or without four hearts. 2NT will show a balanced invitational hand, 3 ♣ typically an ...
2 ♠ may also be used as a Baron range enquiry, to find whether opener is minimum or maximum, if responder has 11-12 points (looking for game in NT) or 17-20 points (looking for slam in NT or a minor) An alternative method of minor suit transfers is to use 2 ♠ as a transfer to clubs and 3 ♣ (or 2NT) as a transfer to diamonds.
An opening bid of 2NT shows 20, 21 or 22 HCP. If responder has 13 HCP, then a small slam looks certain (13 + 20 opener's minimum = 33) and should be bid; If responder has 11 or 12 HCP, then a small slam is a possibility but more information is needed about opener's hand before it should be bid. This is where a quantitative bid should be made.
ask for the minor suit using a 2NT relay bid with a strong hand. The 2NT response is often defined as forcing to game, for example in Biedermeijer and AcolPlus. In particular, with a strong hand with a good suit of its own or with support for partner's opened suit, responder must bid 2NT first, as there is no other way to establish a force.
Jacoby 2NT (Swedish: Stenberg 2NT) is a bridge convention in which a bid of 2NT over partner's opening bid of one heart (1 ♥) or one spade (1 ♠) shows a hand with both opening strength or better - normally at least 12 HCP or a hand meeting the "Rule of 20" criteria, and; at least four-card support for opener's major suit.
Otherwise Advancer bids 2NT inviting Intervener to bid his minor as a last stop; before making the switch to the minor it is usually possible to deduce what that minor suit will likely be, since length in a suit in partner's hand is likely to reflect a suit shortage in your own hand. 2NT declares both minor suits (at least 5-4 or 4-5).