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Marine biogenic calcification is the biologically mediated process by which marine organisms produce and deposit calcium carbonate minerals to form skeletal structures or hard tissues. This process is a fundamental aspect of the life cycle of some marine organisms, including corals , mollusks , foraminifera , certain types of plankton , and ...
Chegg, Inc., is an American education technology company based in Santa Clara, California. It provides homework help, digital and physical textbook rentals, textbooks, online tutoring, and other student services. [2] The company was launched in 2006, and began trading publicly on the New York Stock Exchange in November 2013.
This stream operating together with its environment can be thought of as forming a river ecosystem. River ecosystems are flowing waters that drain the landscape, and include the biotic (living) interactions amongst plants, animals and micro-organisms, as well as abiotic (nonliving) physical and chemical interactions of its many parts.
a deep, broad trench, either dry or filled with water, surrounding and protecting a structure, installation, or town. Mud puddle: Nant: Stream: Wales. [33] Ocean: a major body of salty water that, in totality, covers about 71% of the Earth's surface. Oxbow lake: a U-shaped lake formed when a wide meander from the mainstem of a river is cut off ...
Silicate, or silicic acid (H 4 SiO 4), is an important nutrient in the ocean. Unlike the other major nutrients such as phosphate, nitrate, or ammonium, which are needed by almost all marine plankton, silicate is an essential chemical requirement for very specific biota, including diatoms, radiolaria, silicoflagellates, and siliceous sponges.
Rivers and river ecosystems are threatened by water pollution, climate change, and human activity. The construction of dams, canals, levees, and other engineered structures has eliminated habitats, has caused the extinction of some species, and lowered the amount of alluvium flowing through rivers. Decreased snowfall from climate change has ...
Macroinvertebrate community structure is commonly monitored because of the diverse taxonomy, ease of collection, sensitivity to a range of stressors, and overall value to the ecosystem. [34] Additionally, algal community structure (often using diatoms) is measured in biomonitoring programs.
Two major concepts of comparative anatomy are: Homologous structures - structures (body parts/anatomy) which are similar in different species because the species have common descent and have evolved, usually divergently, from a shared ancestor. They may or may not perform the same function. An example is the forelimb structure shared by cats ...
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