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Actinic keratosis (AK), sometimes called solar keratosis or senile keratosis, [1] [2] is a pre-cancerous [3] area of thick, scaly, or crusty skin. [4] [5] Actinic keratosis is a disorder of epidermal keratinocytes that is induced by ultraviolet (UV) light exposure ().
Approximately 2,000 people die from basal or squamous cell skin cancers (non-melanoma skin cancers) in the United States each year. The rate has dropped in recent years. Most of the deaths happen to people who are elderly and might not have seen a doctor until the cancer had spread; and people with immune system disorders. [75]
Accumulation of these cancer cells causes a microscopic focus of abnormal cells that are, at least initially, locally confined within the specific tissue in which the progenitor cell resided. This condition is called squamous-cell carcinoma in situ , and it is diagnosed when the tumor has not yet penetrated the basement membrane or other ...
People who have received solid organ transplants are at a significantly increased risk of developing squamous-cell carcinoma due to the use of chronic immunosuppressive medication. [42] While the risk of developing all skin cancers increases with these medications, this effect is particularly severe for cSCC, with hazard ratios as high as 250 ...
It is thought to develop from the folliculo–sebaceous–apocrine germinative cells called trichoblasts (of note, trichoblastic carcinoma is a term sometimes used to refer to a rare type of aggressive skin cancer that may resemble a benign trichoblastoma, and can also closely resemble basal cell carcinoma).
As with squamous cell cancer, sporadic cases have been found co-infected with the human papilloma virus (HPV). [4] [12] Although HPV has been suggested as a causal factor, it is unproven. [2] Many new treatments for melanoma are also known to increase the rate of keratoacanthoma, such as the BRAF inhibitor medications vemurafenib and dabrafenib ...
Cutaneous horns, also known by the Latin name cornu cutaneum, are unusual keratinous skin tumors with the appearance of horns, or sometimes of wood or coral. Formally, this is a clinical diagnosis for a "conical projection above the surface of the skin."
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and aggressive skin cancer occurring in about three people per million members of the population. [1] It is also known as cutaneous APUDoma, primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin, primary small cell carcinoma of the skin, and trabecular carcinoma of the skin. [2]