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In the history of physics, a line of force in Michael Faraday's extended sense is synonymous with James Clerk Maxwell's line of induction. [1] According to J.J. Thomson, Faraday usually discusses lines of force as chains of polarized particles in a dielectric, yet sometimes Faraday discusses them as having an existence all their own as in stretching across a vacuum. [2]
"On Physical Lines of Force" is a four-part paper written by James Clerk Maxwell, published in 1861. [1] In it, Maxwell derived the equations of electromagnetism in conjunction with a "sea" of " molecular vortices " which he used to model Faraday 's lines of force.
The force lines pictures are used for 1) Analysis of stress concentration (Figure1 and Figure 2): the number of the force lines increases in areas with stress concentration. [2] 2) Optimization of structures: reinforcing the structure in the areas with concentration of force lines and deleting the components where there are no force lines.
It is the straight line through the point at which the force is applied, and is in the same direction as the vector F →. [1] [2] The concept is essential, for instance, for understanding the net effect of multiple forces applied to a body. For example, if two forces of equal magnitude act upon a rigid body along the same line of action but in ...
The SI unit of force is the newton (symbol N), which is the force required to accelerate a one kilogram mass at a rate of one meter per second squared, or kg·m·s −2.The corresponding CGS unit is the dyne, the force required to accelerate a one gram mass by one centimeter per second squared, or g·cm·s −2. A newton is thus equal to ...
The following other wikis use this file: Usage on af.wikipedia.org James Clerk Maxwell; Usage on ar.wikipedia.org تاريخ نظرية الكهرطيسية
This practical unit was previously called a line, [4] reflecting Faraday's conception of the magnetic field as curved lines of magnetic force, [5] which he designated as line of magnetic induction. [4] Kiloline (10 3 line) and megaline (10 6 line) were sometimes used because 1 line was very small relative to the phenomena that it was used to ...
Those analogies were largely derived from hydrodynamical modelling of the lines of force in part I in the case of density/permeability, and by a solid elastic analogy in part III in the case of elasticity/dielectric constant. Maxwell then showed how the Weber/Kohlrausch ratio was related to the ratio of dielectric constant to permeability.