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The thymus is an organ that sits behind the sternum in the upper front part of the chest, stretching upwards towards the neck. In children, the thymus is pinkish-gray, soft, and lobulated on its surfaces. [1] At birth, it is about 4–6 cm long, 2.5–5 cm wide, and about 1 cm thick. [2]
English: ThymiStem in collaboration with animator Cameron Duguid have created a beautiful, hand drawn animation explaining the function of the thymus, an essential organ of the immune system. The video shows how T cells, a type of white blood cell, go through a complex journey in the thymus to become mature immune cells ready to fight off ...
An X-ray of a human chest area, with some structures labeled. The contents of the thorax include the heart and lungs (and the thymus gland); the major and minor pectoral muscles, trapezius muscles, and neck muscle; and internal structures such as the diaphragm, the esophagus, the trachea, and a part of the sternum known as the xiphoid process.
While the pathogenesis of cervical thymus cyst is still unclear, there are two main mechanisms by which this lesion occurs: Congenital: During the fetal development, the thymus forms from the third branchial pouch which descends lateral to the mediastinum toward the thyroid gland. A remnant of this thymic tissue can persist during its descent ...
Diagram showing the position of the thymus gland. Date: 30 July 2014 (released by CRUK) Source: Original email from CRUK: Author: Cancer Research UK: Permission (Reusing this file) This image has been released as part of an open knowledge project by Cancer Research UK. If re-used, attribute to Cancer Research UK / Wikimedia Commons
As with most nerves in the neck, multiple anatomic variants have been described. Notably, there may be variability in the course of the phrenic nerve in the retro-clavicular region such that the nerve courses anterior to the subclavian vein, rather than its typical position posterior to the vein (between the subclavian vein and artery). [3]
Ectopic thymus is a condition where thymus tissue is found in an abnormal location . It usually does not cause symptoms, but may leads to a mass in the neck that may compress the trachea and the esophagus. It is thought to be the result of either a failure of descent or a failure of involution of normal thymus tissue.
The thoracic duct usually begins from the upper aspect of the cisterna chyli, passing out of the abdomen through the aortic hiatus into first the posterior mediastinum and then the superior mediastinum, extending as high up as the root of the neck before descending to drain into the systemic (blood) circulation at the venous angle.