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The Korean alphabet, known as Hangul [a] or Hangeul [b] in South Korea (English: / ˈ h ɑː n ɡ uː l / HAHN-gool; [2] Korean: 한글; Korean pronunciation: [ha(ː)n.ɡɯɭ] ⓘ) and Chosŏn'gŭl in North Korea (조선글; North Korean pronunciation [tsʰo.sʰɔn.ɡɯɭ]), is the modern writing system for the Korean language.
The following tables of consonants and vowels (jamo) of the Korean alphabet display (in blue) the basic forms in the first row and their derivatives in the following row(s). They are divided into initials (leading consonants), vowels (middle), and finals tables (trailing consonants).
While the first Korean typewriter, or 한글 타자기, is unclear,the first Moa-Sugi style (모아쓰기,The form of hangul where consonants and vowels come together to form a letter; The standard form of Hangul used today) typewriter is thought to be first invented by Korean-American gyopo Lee Won-Ik (이원익) in 1914, where he modified a Smith Premier 10 typewriter's type into Hangul.
The Korean alphabet is a featural alphabet written in morpho-syllabic blocks, and was designed for both the Korean and Chinese languages, though the letters specific to Chinese are now obsolete. [4] Each block consists of at least one consonant letter and one vowel letter.
The Korean mixed script, combining Hanja and Hangul, is still used to a certain extent in South Korea, but that method is slowly declining in use even though students learn Hanja in school. [52] Below are charts of the letters of the Korean alphabet and their Revised Romanization (RR) and canonical International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) values:
The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Korean language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. It is based on the standard dialect of South Korea and may not represent some of the sounds in the North Korean dialect or in other dialects.
The Korean spelling alphabet (Korean: 한국어 표준 음성 기호; RR: hangugeo pyojun eumseong giho; also 한글 통화표; hangeul tonghwapyo) is a spelling alphabet for the Korean language, similar to the NATO phonetic alphabet.
In the Korean alphabet as well as all widely used romanization systems for Korean, they are represented as doubled plain segments: ㅃ pp, ㄸ tt, ㅉ jj, ㄲ kk. As it was suggested from the Middle Korean spelling, the tense consonants came from the initial consonant clusters sC -, pC -, psC -.