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Arnica montana contains the toxin helenalin, which can be poisonous if large amounts of the plant are eaten or small amounts of concentrated Arnica are used. Consumption of A. montana can produce severe gastroenteritis , internal bleeding of the digestive tract, raised liver enzymes (which can indicate inflammation of the liver), nervousness ...
It is native to western North America from Alaska to California to New Mexico, as far east as Ontario and Michigan. [10] [11] It is a plant of many habitat types, including coniferous forests, and moist mountain meadows from sea level to altitudes of above 3,700 metres (12,000 ft), but most commonly between 1,200–3,400 m (4,000–11,000 ft).
Arnica / ˈ ɑːr n ɪ k ə / is a genus of perennial, herbaceous plants in the sunflower family ().The genus name Arnica may be derived from the Greek arni, "lamb", in reference to the plants' soft, hairy leaves.
Helenalin, or (-)-4-Hydroxy-4a,8-dimethyl-3,3a,4a,7a,8,9,9a-octahydroazuleno[6,5-b]furan-2,5-dione, is a toxic sesquiterpene lactone which can be found in several plants such as Arnica montana and Arnica chamissonis Helenalin is responsible for the toxicity of the Arnica spp.
Arnica chamissonis, the Chamisso arnica, [2] is a North American species of plants in the family Asteraceae. It is very similar to Arnica montana . Arnica chamissonis is native to North America and naturalized in parts of Europe while A. montana is indigenous to Europe .
Arnica fulgens is a species of arnica known by the common names foothill arnica and hillside arnica. [2] It is native to western North America, from British Columbia east to Saskatchewan and south as far as Inyo County, California, [2] and McKinley County, New Mexico. [3] It grows in open, grassy areas. [4]
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Arnica angustifolia is an Arctic and alpine species of plants in the sunflower family, known by the common names narrowleaf arnica [2] and Arctic arnica. [3] It is native to colder regions in Europe , Asia , and North America (northern and western Canada , Alaska , northern Rocky Mountains . [ 4 ]