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Arnica montana, also known as wolf's bane, leopard's bane, mountain tobacco and mountain arnica, [4] is a moderately toxic European flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae that has a large yellow flower head. The names "wolf's bane" and "leopard's bane" are also used for another plant, Aconitum, which is extremely poisonous.
Helenalin, or (-)-4-Hydroxy-4a,8-dimethyl-3,3a,4a,7a,8,9,9a-octahydroazuleno[6,5-b]furan-2,5-dione, is a toxic sesquiterpene lactone which can be found in several plants such as Arnica montana and Arnica chamissonis Helenalin is responsible for the toxicity of the Arnica spp.
It is native to western North America from Alaska to California to New Mexico, as far east as Ontario and Michigan. [10] [11] It is a plant of many habitat types, including coniferous forests, and moist mountain meadows from sea level to altitudes of above 3,700 metres (12,000 ft), but most commonly between 1,200–3,400 m (4,000–11,000 ft).
Arnica / ˈ ɑːr n ɪ k ə / is a genus of perennial, herbaceous plants in the sunflower family ().The genus name Arnica may be derived from the Greek arni, "lamb", in reference to the plants' soft, hairy leaves.
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Arnica fulgens is a species of arnica known by the common names foothill arnica and hillside arnica. [2] It is native to western North America , from British Columbia east to Saskatchewan and south as far as Inyo County , California , [ 2 ] and McKinley County , New Mexico . [ 3 ]
Arnica chamissonis, the Chamisso arnica, [2] is a North American species of plants in the family Asteraceae. It is very similar to Arnica montana . Arnica chamissonis is native to North America and naturalized in parts of Europe while A. montana is indigenous to Europe .
Arnica montana: Arnica: Used as an anti-inflammatory [23] and for osteoarthritis. [24] The US Food and Drug Administration has classified Arnica montana as an unsafe herb because of its toxicity. [25] It should not be taken orally or applied to broken skin where absorption can occur. [25] Astragalus propinquus: Astragalus: Long used in ...