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Many Arabs regard Saddam as a resolute leader who challenged Western imperialism, opposed the Israeli occupation of Palestine, and resisted foreign intervention in the region. Conversely, many Iraqis, particularly Shias and Kurds, perceive him negatively as a dictator responsible for severe authoritarianism , repression, and numerous injustices.
Former Iraqi president Saddam Hussein was executed on 30 December 2006. [1] Saddam was sentenced to death by hanging, after being convicted of crimes against humanity by the Iraqi Special Tribunal for the Dujail massacre—the killing of 148 Iraqi Shi'ites in the town of Dujail—in 1982, in retaliation for an assassination attempt against him.
Saddam's plan was to strengthen Iraq's position in the Persian Gulf and on the Arab-world stage. A quick victory would restore Iraq's control over all of Shatt al-Arab, an area which Iraq had lost to Iran in 1975. [43] Saddam abrogated the treaty of 1975 in a meeting of the National Assembly on 17 September 1980.
The charges against Saddam included razing 250,000 acres (100,000 ha) of Dujail farmland. The source for the figure was an unsourced claim published in a 2005 article in The New York Times . [ 14 ] The claimed area is larger than the total amount of farmland surrounding Dujail, and less than 2% of the city's population had land confiscated or ...
Soldiers on patrol during the American occupation of Ramadi, 16 August 2006. The occupation of Iraq (2003–2011) began on 20 March 2003, when the United States invaded with a military coalition to overthrow Iraqi president Saddam Hussein and his Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party, and continued until 18 December 2011, when the final batch of American troops left the country.
The 1979 Ba'ath Party Purge (Arabic: تطهير حزب البعث), also called the Comrades Massacre [1] [2] (Arabic: مجزرة الرفاق), was a public purge of the Iraqi Ba'ath Party orchestrated on 22 July 1979 by then-president Saddam Hussein [3] six days after his arrival to the presidency of the Iraqi Republic on 16 July 1979.
They had formed a powerful militant movement in opposition to Saddam Hussein's regime. [6] On 9 April 1980, Al-Sadr and his sister were killed after being severely tortured by their Baathist captors. [2] Signs of torture could be seen on the bodies. [6] [7] [8] The Baathists raped Bint Houda in front of her brother. [8]
In the south, Saddam's forces quelled all but a scattering of the resistance by the end of March. On March 29, SCIRI leader Abdul Aziz al-Hakim conceded that Shia rebels withdrew from the cities and that fighting was limited to rural areas. [25] The Kurdish uprising in the north of the country collapsed even more quickly than it began.