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A value chain is a progression of activities that a business or firm performs in order to deliver goods and services of value to an end customer.The concept comes from the field of business management and was first described by Michael Porter in his 1985 best-seller, Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance.
Activity-based management (ABM) is a method of identifying and evaluating activities that a business performs, using activity-based costing to carry out a value chain analysis or a re-engineering initiative to improve strategic and operational decisions in an organization.
Supply chain management (SCM) is the management of the flow of goods and services and includes all processes that transform raw materials into final products. It involves the active streamlining of a business's supply-side activities to maximize customer value and gain a competitive advantage in the marketplace.
Analysing the firm's activities as a linked chain is a tried and tested way of revealing value creation opportunities. The business economist Michael Porter of Harvard Business School pioneered a value chain approach: "the value chain disaggregates the firm into its strategically relevant activities in order to understand the costs and existing potential sources of differentiation". [3]
Analysis of the global production networks relies on the use of the input-output tables that links firms through the transactions involved in the product creation. Commodity chain literature considers firms as the nodes in a number of chains that transform inputs into outputs through a series of interconnected stages of production, later linked ...
Global value chains are a network of production and trade across countries. The study of global value chains requires inevitably a trade theory that can treat input trade. However, mainstream trade theories (Heckshcer-Ohlin-Samuelson model and New trade theory and New new trade theory) are only concerned with final goods.
R. White's soft drinks, including ginger beer, sold in England in the early 1900s Bottle of ginger beer produced on Ponsonby Road, Auckland, New Zealand circa 1900. Brewed ginger beer originated in Yorkshire in England in the mid-18th century [2] and became popular throughout Britain, the United States, Ireland, South Africa, The Caribbean and Canada, reaching a peak of popularity in the early ...
Reed's Inc. Original Ginger Brew has won the "Outstanding Beverage Finalist" from the National Association for the Specialty Food Trade [23] and the "Best Imported Food Product" from the Canadian Fancy Food Association. [23] Reed's Inc. was selected by WholeFoods Magazine as the Runner Up Beverage Company in the Natural Choice Awards of 2010 ...