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During the 200 year period between 1301 and 1500 (the 14th and 15th century) the main civilizations and kingdoms in Africa were the Mali Empire, Kingdom of Kongo, Ife Empire, Benin Kingdom, Songhai Empire, Hausa City-states, Wolof Empire, Great Zimbabwe, Kingdom of Makuria, Kanem Empire,Ethiopian Empire, Kilwa Sultanate, Kingdom of Mapungubwe, Kingdom of Mutapa, and the Ajuran Sultanate.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 1 February 2025. Ruler of Mali from c. 1312 to c. 1337 Musa I Depiction of Mansa Musa, ruler of the Mali Empire in the 14th century, from the 1375 Catalan Atlas. The label reads: This Black Lord is called Musse Melly and is the sovereign of the land of the black people of Gineva (Ghana). This king is the ...
Kanem rose in the 8th century in the region to the north and east of Lake Chad. The Kanem empire went into decline, shrank, and in the 14th century was defeated by Bilala invaders from the Lake Fitri region. [7] Around the 9th century AD, the central Sudanic Empire of Kanem, with its capital at Njimi, was founded by the Kanuri-speaking nomads ...
The gold from the regions around the Niger River was particularly prized in the Mediterranean and beyond, making West Africa a crucial player in the global economy of the time. Timbuktu, Gao, and Djenne, key trading centres along these routes, flourished as hubs of commerce, culture, and learning, attracting scholars and traders from various ...
Gold dust was used all over the empire, but was not valued equally in all regions. By the beginning of the 14th century, Mali was the source of almost half the Old World's gold exported from mines in Bambuk, Boure and Galam. [46] Gold mines in Boure, which is located in present-day Guinea, were discovered sometime near the end of the 12th ...
For example, the 17th century sultan Mawlay Ismail himself was the son of slave, and relied on an army of black slaves for support. The West African states imported highly trained slave soldiers. [25] It has been estimated that from the 10th to the 19th century some 6,000 to 7,000 enslaved people were transported north each year.
After a shift in trading routes, the town flourished from the trade in salt, gold, ivory and slaves from several towns and states such as Begho of Bonoman, Sijilmassa, and other Saharan cities. [1] It became part of the Mali Empire early in the 14th century. By this time it had become a major centre of learning in the area.
Mali reached the peak of its power and extent in the 14th century, when Mansa Musa (1312–1337) made his famous hajj to Mecca with 500 slaves, each holding a bar of gold worth 500 mithqal. [97] Mansa Musa's hajj devalued gold in Mamluk Egypt for a decade. He made a great impression on the minds of the Muslim and European world.