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While the basis of the mechanism among cellular memory modules is the same, what initiates the mechanism and the specific proteins carrying it out differ based on the location of the cellular memory module within the gene. Some of these specific mechanisms and gene locations have been analyzed from experiments and outlined below.
Trauma memory is a great example illustrating the physiology of memory storage and recall in plants. While the mechanisms responsible for it have yet to be determined, our current understanding of plant physiology allows us to propose three pathways to explore: Ca2+ flux, electrical signaling, and auxin stimulation.
Morris and colleagues' experiment indicates that the reconsolidation hypothesis could apply to particular memory types such as allocentric spatial memory, which is either acquired slowly or rapidly. As implied by the authors, however, such an application is feasible only in the case of rapidly acquired spatial memory, the degree to which is ...
Memory transfer proposes a chemical basis for memory termed memory RNA which can be passed down through flesh instead of an intact nervous system. Since RNA encodes information [ 1 ] and living cells produce and modify RNA in reaction to external events, it might also be used in neurons to record stimuli.
The term "engram" was coined by memory researcher Richard Semon in reference to the physical substrate of memory in the organism. Semon warned, however: "In animals, during the evolutionary process, one organic system—the nervous system—has become specialised for the reception and transmission of stimuli.
Human memory, including the process of encoding, is known to be a heritable trait that is controlled by more than one gene. In fact, twin studies suggest that genetic differences are responsible for as much as 50% of the variance seen in memory tasks. [ 23 ]
To examine the validity of these theories researchers have performed memory experiments. In one experiment published in 1959, experimental psychologist Irvin Rock and colleague Walter Heimer of the University of Illinois had both a control group and an experimental group learn pairs of words. The control group studied word pairs that were ...
Long-term memory (LTM) is the stage of the Atkinson–Shiffrin memory model in which informative knowledge is held indefinitely. It is defined in contrast to sensory memory, the initial stage, and short-term or working memory, the second stage, which persists for about 18 to 30 seconds.