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One of the earliest studies, published in 1974, noted a reduction in sperm quality (lower sperm concentration and semen volume) and a higher percentage of abnormal sperm. [17] These early studies' methodology has been criticized for sampling bias and the inclusion of men with testicular and fertility issues. [ 11 ]
Anonymous sperm donation occurs under the condition that recipients and offspring will never learn the identity of the donor. A non-anonymous donor, however, will disclose his identity to recipients. A donor who makes a non-anonymous sperm donation is termed a known donor, an open identity donor, or an identity release donor.
There are 12 authorized sperm banks and hospitals across the country, and 2 more in private research facilities. Only unmarried, healthy men under the age of 30 are allowed to donate sperm, and they are financially compensated for it. [36] Men who want to donate must get to the hospital, pass an interview and blood-checks, cryotip and DNA checks.
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Y chromosomal infertility is a direct cause of male infertility due to its effects on sperm production, occurring in approximately one in 2000 males. [20] Usually, affected men show no symptoms, although they may have smaller testes.
The three-part docuseries explores the actions of Jonathan Meijer, a Dutch man in his early 40s who has fathered, in his estimation, about 550 children via sperm donation since he was in his 20s.
Men, too, often avoid doctors' visits, missing opportunities to proactively identify issues. Treatments for male infertility include semen analysis, lifestyle changes, and sperm-freezing.
The majority of sperm donors who donate their sperm through a sperm bank receive some kind of payment, although this is rarely a significant amount. A review including 29 studies from nine countries came to the result that the amount of money actual donors received for their donation varied from $10 to €70 per donation or sample. [18]