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Money supply is determined by central bank decisions and willingness of commercial banks to loan money. Money supply in effect is perfectly inelastic with respect to nominal interest rates. Thus the money supply function is represented as a vertical line – money supply is a constant, independent of the interest rate, GDP, and other factors.
In some economics textbooks, the supply-demand equilibrium in the markets for money and reserves is represented by a simple so-called money multiplier relationship between the monetary base of the central bank and the resulting money supply including commercial bank deposits. This is a short-hand simplification which disregards several other ...
This Federal Reserve committee makes key decisions about interest rates and the growth of the United States money supply. [2] Under the terms of the original Federal Reserve Act , each of the Federal Reserve banks were authorized to buy and sell in the open market bonds and short term obligations of the United States Government , bank ...
Reserve Bank of India also works as a central bank where commercial banks are account holders and can deposit money. RBI maintains banking accounts of all scheduled banks. [79] Commercial banks create credit. It is the duty of the RBI to control the credit through the CRR, repo rate, and open market operations.
The term "narrow money" typically covers the most liquid forms of money, i.e. currency (banknotes and coins) as well as bank-account balances that can immediately be converted into currency or used for cashless payments (overnight deposits, checking accounts, etc). [3] It is typically denoted as M1. [3] Narrow money is a subset of broad money.
In the closed economy model, if the central bank expands the money supply the LM curve shifts out, and as a result income goes up and the domestic interest rate goes down. But in the Mundell–Fleming open economy model with perfect capital mobility, monetary policy becomes ineffective.
A money market account is a type of interest-bearing account that combines the strong rates of a high-yield savings account with the features of a checking account. MMAs offer rates of 4.5% APY or ...
The money rate, in turn, is the loan rate, an entirely financial construction. Credit, then, is perceived quite appropriately as "money". Banks provide credit by creating deposits upon which borrowers can draw. Since deposits constitute part of real money balances, therefore the bank can, in essence, "create" money.