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Furthermore, proline is rarely found in α and β structures as it would reduce the stability of such structures, because its side chain α-nitrogen can only form one nitrogen bond. Additionally, proline is the only amino acid that does not form a red-purple colour when developed by spraying with ninhydrin for uses in chromatography. Proline ...
Proline and its higher homolog pipecolic acid affect the secondary structure of protein. D-alpha-amino acid - L-alpha-amino acid sequence can induce beta hairpin. [1] It suggested that acyclic secondary amino acids are more flexible than cyclic secondary amino acids in protein by replacement of pipecolic acid by N-methyl-L-alanine in efrapeptin C.
Arginine and proline metabolism is one of the central pathways for the biosynthesis of the amino acids arginine and proline from glutamate. The pathways linking arginine, glutamate, and proline are bidirectional. Thus, the net utilization or production of these amino acids is highly dependent on cell type and developmental stage.
proline. Secondary amino acids, amino acids containing a secondary amine group are sometimes named imino acids, [2] [3] though this usage is obsolescent. [1] The only proteinogenic amino acid of this type is proline, although the related non-proteinogenic amino acids hydroxyproline [4] [5] [6] and pipecolic acid [7] have often been included in studies of this class of compounds.
In general, deamidation can be eliminated by proteolysis at an acidic pH or at a slightly basic pH (4.5 and 8.0, respectively) using the endoprotease, Glu-C. [2] The rates of deamidation depend on multiple factors, including the primary sequences and higher-order structures of the proteins, pH, temperature, and components in the solutions.
Modifications on the basic proline structure improved the enantioselectivity and regioselectivity of the catalysis. [ 28 ] [ 29 ] These proline-derived auxiliaries and catalysts, [ 30 ] including the Enders hydrazone reaction and Corey–Itsuno reduction , have been reviewed, [ 31 ] [ 32 ] as have MacMillan’s iminium catalysts, [ 33 ] Miller ...
The biochemical mechanism of proline racemase was first put forward in the late sixties by Cardinale and Abeles [6] using the Clostridium sticklandii enzyme, CsPRAC. The catalytic mechanism of proline racemase was late revisited by Buschiazzo, Goytia and collaborators that, in 2006, resolved the structure of the parasite TcPRAC co-crystallyzed with its known competitive inhibitor - pyrrole ...
1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid (systematic name 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid [2]) is a cyclic imino acid. Its conjugate base and anion is 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C). In solution, P5C is in spontaneous equilibrium with glutamate-5-semialdhyde (GSA).