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During the Palaiologan period, the insigne of the reigning dynasty, and the closest thing to a Byzantine "national flag", according to Soloviev, was the so-called "tetragrammatic cross", a gold or silver cross with four letters beta "Β" (often interpreted as firesteels) of the same color, one in each corner. [43] [44]
The civil war proved a critical turning point in the history of the Byzantine Empire. In the words of the Byzantinist Angeliki Laiou , "after the end of the second civil war, Byzantium was an empire in name only", [ 107 ] while according to Eva de Vries-Van der Velden, it marks "the point of rupture between the 'decline' and 'the fall' of the ...
During the Russian Civil War, it was also used by the Russian State in 1918–1920 and the White Guards overall until their defeat in 1923. 1918–1920: National flag of the Russian State: 1918–1937: State flag of the Russian SFSR: The first flag of the RSFSR was established by decree on 13 April 1918. However the law never provided an ...
This is a list of civil wars or other internal civil conflicts fought during the history of the Eastern Roman or Byzantine Empire (330–1453). The definition of organized civil unrest is any conflict that was fought within the borders of the Byzantine Empire, with at least one opposition leader against the ruling government.
Under his leadership, the Byzantine army reconquered substantial territories from the Turks. At the beginning of the Komnenian period in 1081, the Byzantine Empire had been reduced to the smallest territorial extent in its history. Surrounded by enemies, and financially ruined by a long period of civil war, the empire's prospects had looked grim.
1343–1348: Taking advantage of the ongoing Byzantine civil war, Serbian ruler Stefan Dushan conquers Albania, Macedonia and Epirus. 1348–1349: Byzantine–Genoese War, fought over control of custom duties and tariffs on the Bosporus Straight. 1352–1357: Byzantine civil war of 1352–1357. 1362: Ottoman conquest of Adrianople.
When it was created, the structure of the Russian Army of the Provisional Government period was used, while almost every individual formation had its own characteristics. The military art of the White Army was based on the experience of the First World War, which, however, left a strong imprint on the specifics of the Russian Civil War. [6]
Byzantine Empire: Byzantine military victory . Rus' political victory (Byzantium pays off during the second campaign and concludes a peace treaty) 970-971 Rus'–Byzantine War (970–971) Kievan Rus' Byzantine Empire: Byzantine victory: 988 Korsun campaign of Vladimir the Great [2] Kievan Rus' Byzantine Empire: Rus victory [3] [4] Rus' occupies ...