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The mesosphere is the third highest layer of Earth's atmosphere, occupying the region above the stratosphere and below the thermosphere. It extends from the stratopause at an altitude of about 50 km (31 mi; 160,000 ft) to the mesopause at 80–85 km (50–53 mi; 260,000–280,000 ft) above sea level.
The homosphere is the layer of an atmosphere where the bulk gases are homogeneously mixed due to turbulent mixing or eddy diffusion. The bulk composition of the air is mostly uniform so the concentrations of molecules are the same throughout the homosphere. The top of the homosphere is called the homopause, also known as the turbopause.
Highest Point Highest elevation 1 XI-Davao Region: Mount Apo: 2,954 m 9,692 ft XII-SOCCSKSARGEN: 2 X-Northern Mindanao: Mount Dulang-dulang: 2,941 m 9,649 ft 3 II-Cagayan Valley: Mount Pulag: 2,922 m 9,587 ft Cordillera Administrative Region: 4 Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao: Mount Ragang: 2,815 m 9,236 ft 5 IV-B-Mimaropa ...
The layers are to scale. From the Earth's surface to the top of the stratosphere (50km) is just under 1% of Earth's radius. The exosphere is a thin, atmosphere-like volume surrounding a planet or natural satellite where molecules are gravitationally bound to that body, but where the density is so low that the molecules are essentially collision ...
As a result, it is the least-understood part of the atmosphere, resulting in the humorous moniker ignorosphere. [20] [21] The presence of red sprites and blue jets (electrical discharges or lightning within the lower mesosphere), noctilucent clouds, and density shears within this poorly understood layer are of current scientific interest.
Relationship of the atmosphere and ionosphere. The ionosphere (/ aɪ ˈ ɒ n ə ˌ s f ɪər /) [1] [2] is the ionized part of the upper atmosphere of Earth, from about 48 km (30 mi) to 965 km (600 mi) above sea level, [3] a region that includes the thermosphere and parts of the mesosphere and exosphere.
Upper atmosphere is a collective term that refers to various layers of the atmosphere of the Earth above the troposphere [1] and corresponding regions of the atmospheres of other planets, and includes:
The wettest recorded typhoon to hit the Philippines dropped 2,210 millimeters (87 in) in Baguio from July 14 to 18, 1911. [58] The Philippines is highly exposed to climate change and is among the world's ten countries that are most vulnerable to climate change risks. [59] Building construction is undertaken with natural disasters in mind.