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California was one of the most culturally and linguistically diverse areas in pre-Columbian North America. After contact with Spanish explorers, many of the Native Americans died from foreign diseases. Finally, in the 19th century there was a genocide by United States government and private citizens, which is known as the California genocide. [1]
Before Europeans landed in North America, about one-third of all natives in what is now the United States were living in the area that is now California. [2] California indigenous language diversity numbered 80 to 90 languages and dialects, some surviving to the present although endangered. [3] Native American shell fish hook from California.
Before 1768: An enlargeable territorial map of California tribal groups and languages prior to European contact within the modern day borders. Before 1768 : An enlargeable map of the world showing the dividing lines for; Pope Alexander VI 's Inter caetera papal bull (1493), the Treaty of Tordesillas (1494), and the Treaty of Saragossa (1529).
Below is a list of the governors of early California (1769–1850), before its admission as the 31st U.S. state. First explored by Gaspar de Portolá, with colonies established at San Diego and Monterey, California was a remote, sparsely-settled Spanish province of New Spain. In 1822, following Mexican independence, California became part of ...
The Island of California (Spanish: Isla de California) refers to the long-held global misconception, dating from the 16th century, that the California region was not part of mainland North America but rather a large island separated from the continent by a strait now known to be the Gulf of California. One of the most famous cartographic errors ...
On Jan. 17, 1994, at 4:31 a.m., a violent shudder tore through Southern California. The Northridge earthquake, with a magnitude of 6.7, killed about 60 people and damaged or destroyed more than ...
These California land grants were made by Spanish (1784–1821) and Mexican (1822–1846) authorities of Las Californias and Alta California to private individuals before California became part of the United States of America. [1] Under Spain, no private land ownership was allowed, so the grants were more akin to free leases.
On February 2, 1848, the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed (but not announced in California until August 7), officially ending the war. Previously occupied territory under the rules of war, California's legal status changed as part of the lands ceded to the U.S. by the terms of the treaty.