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A synchondrosis (or primary cartilaginous joint) is a type of cartilaginous joint where hyaline cartilage completely joins together two bones. [1] Synchondroses are different from symphyses (secondary cartilaginous joints), which are formed of fibrocartilage , and from synostosis (ossified junctions), which is the fusion of two or more bones.
Some examples of secondary cartilaginous joints in human anatomy would be the manubriosternal joint (between the manubrium and the body of the sternum), intervertebral discs, and the pubic symphysis. Articulating bones at a symphysis are covered with hyaline cartilage and have a thick, fairly compressible pad of fibrocartilage between them.
The articulating surfaces of synarthroses have little or no mobility, and are strongly united to each other. For example, most of the joints of the skull are held together by fibrous connective tissue and do not allow for movement between the adjacent bones. This lack of mobility is important, because the skull bones serve to protect the brain. [3]
The xiphisternal joint (or xiphisternal symphysis) is a location near the bottom of the sternum, where the body of the sternum and the xiphoid process meet. It is structurally classified as a synchondrosis, and functionally classified as a synarthrosis.
They are hyaline cartilaginous joints (i.e. synchondrosis or primary cartilagenous joint). Each rib has a depression shaped like a cup that the costal cartilage articulates with. There is normally no movement at these joints. Joints between costal cartilages of the sixth and ninth rib are plane synovial joints.
The only exception is the first rib, which has a synchondrosis joint since the cartilage is directly united with the sternum. [1] The sternocostal joints are important for thoracic wall mobility. [2] The ligaments connecting them are: Articular capsules; Intraarticular sternocostal ligament; Radiate sternocostal ligaments; Costoxiphoid ligaments
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An example is the distal tibiofibular joint. Injuries to the ankle syndesmosis are commonly known as a "high ankle sprain". Although the syndesmosis is a joint, in the literature the term syndesmotic injury is used to describe injury of the syndesmotic ligaments.