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Prevalence of AIDS in Nigeria from 1991 to 2010. Includes predictions up to 2018. [1] HIV/AIDS in Nigeria was a concern in the 2000s, when an estimated seven million people had HIV/AIDS. In 2008, the HIV prevalence rate among adults aged between 15 and 49 was 3.9 percent, in 2018 the rate among adults aged between 15 and 65 was 1.5 percent. [2]
The National Agency for the Control of AIDS or (NACA), established in 2000, is Nigeria’s primary body responsible for coordinating the national response to HIV/AIDS.It works to reduce HIV-related morbidity and mortality through strategic planning, policy formulation, advocacy, research, and effective implementation of interventions across the country. [1]
HIV is spread primarily by unprotected sex (including anal, and oral sex), contaminated blood transfusions, and hypodermic needles. It can also be spread from mother to child during pregnancy, delivery, or breastfeeding. [6] Some bodily fluids, such as saliva and tears, do not transmit HIV. [7]
HIV prevention refers to practices that aim to prevent the spread of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV prevention practices may be undertaken by individuals to protect their own health and the health of those in their community, or may be instituted by governments and community-based organizations as public health policies.
The 2018 Nigeria HIV/AIDS Indicator and Impact Survey revealed that the national HIV prevalence rate among adults aged 15–49 is 1.4%. [19] Prevalence varies significantly across regions and states. Akwa Ibom State has the highest prevalence at 5.6%, followed by Benue State (4.9%) and Rivers State (3.8%). [20]
At the household level, AIDS causes both loss of income and increased spending on healthcare. A study in Côte d'Ivoire showed that households having a person with HIV/AIDS spent twice as much on medical expenses as other households. This additional expenditure also leaves less income to spend on education and other personal or family investment.
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HIV testing is an essential gateway to HIV prevention, treatment, care and support services. [31] It is crucial to have HIV tests available for individuals worldwide since it can help individuals detect the status of their disease from an early onset, seek help, and prevent further spread through the practice of suggestive safety precautions.