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The algae is then treated with an acidic solution to help disrupt cell walls, which converts the alginate salts into insoluble alginic acid; a subsequently applied alkaline solution (pH 9-10), usually sodium carbonate, converts it back into water-soluble sodium alginate, which is then precipitated. [4]
Lignosulfonates (LS) are water-soluble anionic polyelectrolyte polymers: they are byproducts from the production of wood pulp using sulfite pulping. [1] Most delignification in sulfite pulping involves acidic cleavage of ether bonds, which connect many of the constituents of lignin. [2]
[5] [6] MonoSol is one of the companies that develops the water-soluble film used for laundry and dishwasher detergent packs, used by brands including Tide, with roughly US$250 million in annual sales and controlling around 90-percent of the market. [7] Notable brands of these packs include All, Arm & Hammer, Gain, Purex, Persil, Rinso and Tide ...
There are two factors that need to be or can be adjusted for successful reverse spherification. The first is the amount of free calcium ions and density of the liquid to be made for spherification. The amount of free calcium ions needs to be sufficient in order to form a gel-like capsule reaction with sodium alginate. Milk based products such ...
Most coatings have four basic components. These are the resin, solvent, pigment and additive systems [5] but the resin or binder is the key ingredient. Continuing environmental legislation in many countries along with geopolitics such as oil production are ensuring that chemists are increasingly turning to waterborne technology for paint/coatings and since resins or binders are the most ...
By far the most frequently used products are formulations for mixing with water then applying as sprays. Water miscible, older formulations include: EC Emulsifiable concentrate; WP Wettable powder; SL Soluble (liquid) concentrate; SP Soluble powder; Newer, non-powdery formulations with reduced or no use of hazardous solvents and improved ...
The following chart shows the solubility of various ionic compounds in water at 1 atm pressure and room temperature (approx. 25 °C, 298.15 K). "Soluble" means the ionic compound doesn't precipitate, while "slightly soluble" and "insoluble" mean that a solid will precipitate; "slightly soluble" compounds like calcium sulfate may require heat to precipitate.
These water-soluble polymers are used as flocculants and coagulants in solid/water separation to recycle water, rheology modifiers and friction reducers. These functionalities have many uses where water is used, in drinking water production, wastewater treatment , mining , paper , enhanced oil recovery , hydraulic fracturing , agriculture ...