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Immersion in a foreign language, as defined above, is a subtype within the realm of bilingual education as a tool that effectively promotes proficiency in two languages. [3] It has been found that students enrolled in an early-immersion program learn the language being taught at an almost-native proficiency by age 11.
Students in a maintenance bilingual education program should graduate being able to have a discussion about any content area in either language. [6] Two common forms of maintenance bilingual education are two-way/dual language immersion and developmental (late-exit) bilingual education. Both programs are considered language immersion programs.
In the 1960s and 1970s, some central and eastern European countries created a system of bilingual schools for well-performing pupils. Subjects other than languages were taught in a foreign language. In the 1990s this system was opened to all pupils in general education, although some countries still make candidates sit an entrance exam.
The integration of content and language learning in English as an international language (EIL) is found in approaches to bilingual education. [2] These approaches include immersion, content-based instruction (CBI), content-based language teaching (CBLT), and the movement towards English medium instruction (EMI). All of these approaches raise a ...
Native American students learning under such a bilingual system became willing to speak the Cheyenne language in daily life and even developed a high English level. As a result, the bilingual education programs in Montana received almost 100 percent support on the reservation. [73]
In two-way immersion programs, also called dual- or bilingual immersion, the student population consists of speakers of two or more languages. Two-way immersion programs in the US promote L1 speakers of a language other than English to maintain that language as well as to teach English as a second language (ESL). [11]
The beginnings of bilingual education in the United States asserted the primacy of speech and neglected written language learning. [16] The second language instruction of the 1960s and 70s heavily utilized oral–aural drills, and written portions of the courses were mimetic and repetition oriented, and structure, form, syntax , and grammar ...
The most common English immersion program is ESL. The ESL program is a submersion-type of English immersion. The program is for students whose main language is not English. The goal of the program is to increase students' English proficiency so that they can meet academic standards and do well in classrooms. [5]