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a Calorimeter in CERN. In experimental particle physics, a calorimeter is a type of detector that measures the energy of particles. Particles enter the calorimeter and initiate a particle shower in which their energy is deposited in the calorimeter, collected, and measured. The energy may be measured in its entirety, requiring total containment ...
There are two basic calorimeter systems: an inner electromagnetic calorimeter and an outer hadronic calorimeter. [32] Both are sampling calorimeters ; that is, they absorb energy in high-density metal and periodically sample the shape of the resulting particle shower , inferring the energy of the original particle from this measurement.
In particle physics, a shower is a cascade of secondary particles produced as the result of a high-energy particle interacting with dense matter. The incoming particle interacts, producing multiple new particles with lesser energy; each of these then interacts, in the same way, a process that continues until many thousands, millions, or even billions of low-energy particles are produced.
This occurs with an electromagnetic calorimeter, in the form of photons and/or electron+positron pairs. The energy of the particle may be then measured by the intensity of scintillation light produced by the various scintillator slices. An example detector that uses a shashlik electromagnetic calorimeter is the LHCb detector. [2]
The hadronic calorimeter works in much the same way except the hadronic calorimeter uses steel in place of lead. [9] Each calorimeter forms a wedge, which consists of both an electromagnetic calorimeter and a hadronic calorimeter. These wedges are about 2.4 m (8 ft) in length and are arranged around the solenoid. [29]
The Electromagnetic Calorimeter (ECAL) is designed to measure with high accuracy the energies of electrons and photons. The ECAL is constructed from crystals of lead tungstate , PbWO 4 . This is an extremely dense but optically clear material, ideal for stopping high energy particles.
The video seamlessly cuts to kids jumping into the frame on the other side, now high school seniors clad in caps and gowns. View this post on Instagram A post shared by Mr. Tausch ...
Calorimetry requires that a reference material that changes temperature have known definite thermal constitutive properties. The classical rule, recognized by Clausius and Kelvin, is that the pressure exerted by the calorimetric material is fully and rapidly determined solely by its temperature and volume; this rule is for changes that do not involve phase change, such as melting of ice.
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